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Gen Okajima, General Manager, Central Japan Railway Company delivered this presentation at the Rail Safety Conference 2014. Rail Safety 2014 brought together the key national decision-makers to deliver new ideas and develop innovative ways to leverage technology for safer outcomes. For more information, please visit http://www.railsafetyconference.com.au/rs14
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Gen Okajima Central Japan Railway Co. Sydney
The Japanese Experience: 50 years of safe high speed rail operation
Rail Safety 2014 26/03/2014
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Tokaido Shinkansen • The World’s FIRST High-Speed Rail - In operation since 1964 funded by World Bank (*French TGV since 1981, German ICE since 1991)
• Even now, the Leading High Speed Rail in the World
Series 0 (1964) 1st Generation
Series N700 (2007) 5th Generation
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Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
ZERO passenger injuries or fatalities from train accidents
- Safety
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Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
- Punctuality
minutes / train *1 *2
*1 : Including delays due to uncontrollable causes, such as natural disasters
*2 : Standard for train delays; JR Central : “delay” = >1 minute, Europe : “delay” = >15 minutes
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6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 ・・・ Tokyo
Shinagawa
Nagoya
Shin-Osaka
Shin-Yokohama
Kyoto
Train Schedule Diagrams as of March 2012
*1:Excluding extra service
- Mass Transport
Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
323 trains/day*1 386,000 3 min. intvl at peak time
passengers / day
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Safety in the Shinkansen
Technology (Hardware)
Core Concepts
Management/ Workforce (Software)
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Safety in the Shinkansen
Technology (Hardware)
Core Concepts
Management/ Workforce (Software)
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研究施設概要(現在)
Test Track
Test Facilities Building C
Real Scale Test Structure
New technology- Komaki Research Center
! Opened July 2002 Site area: Approx. 73ha Use area: Approx. 20ha
Employees Research & Development Division: Approx. 120 Planning & Project Division: Approx. 30
Ground area
The Facilities Building A
Track & Structural Dynamics Simulator
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Inner fastening brake disk (Series N700)
・ Reduces the extent of disk deformation caused by friction heat when brakes are operated and also obtains higher frictional force
・ Shortened stopping distance in overhead-line failure (caused by earthquakes, etc.) by improving deceleration
■Employing the central fastening brake disc to shorten braking distance
Central fastening brake disc (Series N700A)
Improved Safety
long linings short
Large deformation Small
deformation
wheel wheel axle axle
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Improved Safety
■New decision support tool for measuring flood erosion
Vibration tester (automated)
Vibration tester (manual)
Weight
Automated impact vibration device
Change in natural vibration
No damage Damage
Vibration: large Shakes quickly
Vibration: small Shakes slowly
Vibration tester
Vibration tester
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Improved Safety
■Large-scale renovation program
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Safety in the Shinkansen
Technology (Hardware)
Core Concepts
Management/ Workforce (Software)
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- The use of dedicated tracks exclusively for high-speed passenger rail service
- A fail-safe, reliable, proven Automatic Train Control
(ATC)
Concept of Crash Avoidance on a dedicated track is characterized by two key cornerstones:
Crash Avoidance Concept
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Shinkansen
- Complete separation from: • Freight traffic (pulled by heavy locomotives with lower braking performance)
• Lower speed passenger traffic (poor running performance)
• Road traffic
Road Traffic
Zero possibility of catastrophic collision with freight, lower speed passenger and road traffic
Crash Avoidance Concept- dedicated tracks
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Brake Pattern
Speed (Running Curve)
Preceding Train
(ii) Information regarding Location of Preceding Train
(iii) On-board ATC System calculates Brake Pattern
ATC Ground Facility
(iv) When Speed > Brake Pattern Applying Brake Command
(i) Detecting the Preceding Train
ATC Ground Facility
- Eliminates possibility of collision with the preceding train - 100% safety record in Japan for over 50 years
Crash Avoidance Concept- ATC System
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Crash Avoidance Concept- lighter load, lower cost
Less sturdy structure with light body t
Axle load
* Source : ”World High Speed Rolling Stock,” UIC Website, May 2009
5 10 15 20
1
2
3
17
16
11.2
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軌道中心間隔4.3m 軌道中心間隔4.5m
R=4,750
R=6,250
TGV
Size of lanes Small Large
Shinkansen 63㎡
100㎡
Tunnel Cross Section
Source: Japanese Government, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism
Smaller Infrastructure • Smaller tunnels • Less land acquisition
4.3m 4.5m TGV-POS LGV Est
<320km/h
Crash Avoidance Concept- cost effective
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N700 TGV-POS ICE-3JRC simulation based on public data assuming 50km level tracks between stations the simulation used data from. TGV: “TGV POS PREPARES to enter service,” Railway Gazette International, Dec. 2006, P784-785 ICE: “ ICE Multiple Unit for the European High-Speed Rail Services of German Rail (DB AG) and Netherlands Railways (NS),” Technical Information, Siemens AG
Energy Consumption per Seat (Wh/km/seat)
26
57 55
Crash Avoidance Concept- Eco Friendly
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Crash Avoidance concept- reliability
Mixed tracks :
Dedicated tracks :
!!
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Reliability/Safety- how can we achieve it?
Technology (Hardware)
Core concepts
Management/ Workforce (Software)
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Software - how can we develop it?
Training
Kaizen
Culture moulding
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Training
Kaizen
Culture moulding
Software - how can we develop it?
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《Skill development》
We regularly reassess the knowledge and skills of train crews to maintain safe operations.
Simulator for Shinkansen Drivers Simulator for Shinkansen Conductors
Software - training
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Catenary wire recovery
Evacuation of passengers
General training sessions simulating actual accidents
Repair of derailed rolling stock.
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Employee General Training Centre
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Training: employee education
Supervisor Driver
Supervisors
All front staff
Dialogue / Mutual respect
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Learning System (CJR e-Learning system) -Started in 1996 -30 courses -8,000 employees / yr
Training: Self Development
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Training
Kaizen
Culture moulding
Software - how can we develop it?
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Software - Kaizen
Identify the
problem
Analyse the
problem
Apply way to
improve process
Check the
results
Standardise
Kaizen for
-safety
-reliability
-better service
-efficiency
-satisfying intellectual curiosity
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Software - Kaizen in action Background:
• Mechanical door requires constant maintenance including washing mechanical parts
• Washing oil costs tens of millions of yen
Before:
• Replacement cycle of the washing oil varied by staff
• Staff changed the washing oil when the colour looked ugly
Analysis:
• Dirty oil still has ability to clean the mechanism.
• Impurities are needed to be removed
Critical issue for reliable, safe operation if the door does not open/close as operated
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Software - Kaizen in action
New method:
• Reuse the washing oil
• Introduce foreign matter separator
After:
• Cost saved
• Washing quality is more standardised
More reliable, safe rail services with less costs
Cock
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Training
Kaizen
Culture moulding
Software - how can we develop it?
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Software - culture moulding
• The processes, values and assumptions developed by a group over time, that is then passed on to new members of the group
• How is culture moulded?
1. Primary: Management behaviour; resources and awards; promotions
2. Secondary: Organisational structures; design; ceremonies, rituals and stories; formal mission and value statements
Schein 2004.
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Software - Culture Moulding (2ndary)
3 Safety requires absolute confirmation and thorough communication.
4 Safety requires cooperation as one beyond assigned tasks.
5 When in doubt, take the action deemed safest and ensure that nothing is missed.
1 Safety is the number one priority of our transportation service.
2 Safety starts with strict adherence to rules and fulfillment of duties, and rests on continual self improvement.
Keep sending the safety-1st message everywhere
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《sleeping management》
Encouraging catnap at their break time in dedicated areas
Data input
Output: advise from medical doctor
• Work at better condition
• Draw attention to health management (safety culture)
Software - Culture Moulding (2ndary)
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Primary means make safety culture sustainable
Software - Culture Moulding (Primary)
Management which
• Respond properly against critical safety incidents
• Allocate human/capital resources for making secondary means
• Find and reward staff who pay attention to safety issues
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Conclusion
Safety
Core concepts
Technology (Hardware)
Manage ment /
Workforce (Software)
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Thank you for your attention.
Please feel free to contact us at:
Central Japan Railway Company-‐-‐Sydney Suite 501, Level 5
20 Hunter Street, Sydney 2000 E-‐mail: info@jr-‐central-‐au.com
Phone: (02) 9221 6922