introducing PING comand

Introduction of

Ping command

Ali TorabiMarch2017

Description

Video links related to this tutorial on youtube

Introducing the ping command and its parameters with example –in Persian

Ping Owerview

The ping command helps to verify IP-level connectivityping works with both Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses

Ping Owerview

Use ping whenever you need to verify that a host computer can connect to the TCP/IP network and network resources

Ping Overview

Any IP network device has the capability to send, receive or process ICMP messages.http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/ICMP

Ping Overview

Ping works with both Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses

Ping Overview

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is located at the Network layer of the OSI model (or just above it in the Internet layer, as some argue), and is an integral part of the Internet Protocol suite ( commonly referred to as TCP/IP). ICMP is assigned Protocol Number 1 in the IP suite according to IANA.org. Designed to act as an error reporting and query service, it plays a crucial role in the host-to-host datagram service in network communication. It is the part of the IP service that acts as the feedback system in network IP communication, making sure that undeliverable packets are reported to the sending host, such as the router or the gateway. Any IP network device can send ICMP datagrams, including network interface cards and other devices that are commonly used in your environment.

Ping Overview

👉Test-NetConnection -ComputerName server-1

👉Test-NetConnection -ComputerName computername OR IP -InformationLevel Detailed

Test-Connection -ComputerName Server01, Server02, Server12

Ping ing a target by name or IP from the local computer via powershell…👉Test-Connection 192.168.1.1

You can ping several target frome local computer:

Ping OwerviewHow to Ping with PowerShell

How to Read Command Syntax

ping [-t] [-a] [-n Count] [-l Size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r Count] [-s Count] [{-j HostList | -k HostList}] [-w Timeout] ] [-4] [-6]  [TargetName] [/?]

BoldBold items must typed exactly as they are shown, this includes any bold words, slashes, colons, etc.ItalicItalic items are items that you must supply. Do not take an italic item literally and use it in the command as shown.S p a c e sAll spaces should be taken literally. If a command's syntax has a space, use that space when executing the command.

How to Read Command Syntax

ping [-t] [-a] [-n Count] [-l Size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r Count] [-s Count] [{-j HostList | -k HostList}] [-w Timeout] ] [-4] [-6]  [TargetName] [/?]

http://www.computerhope.com/keys.htm

[Text inside brackets]Any items inside a bracket are

optional. Brackets are not to be taken literally so don't use them when

executing a command.Text outside brackets

Any text not contained in a bracket is required. In the syntax of many

commands, the only text not surrounded by one or more brackets is

the command name itself{Text inside braces}

The items within a brace are options, of which you must choose only one.

Braces are not to be taken literally so don't use them when executing a

command.Vertical | bar

Vertical bars are used to separate items within brackets and braces. Do

not take vertical bars literally

 target Name or IP

ping[-n count]

ping  [-n count] [-t] [-a] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-w timeout] [-r count] [-s count] [-S srcaddr]  target 

[-t][-a]

[-l size][-f]

[-i TTL][-w timeout]

[-r count][-s count]

[-S srcaddr]

ping the target until you force it to stop using Ctrl-C

Resolve addresses to hostnames

Number of echo requests to send

Specifying a timeout value in milliseconds to wait for each reply minimum is 4000

to specify the number of hops that you'd like to be recorded and displayed.frome 1 to 9

Set Don't Fragment flag in packet

Timestamp for count hops.max is 4. frome 1 to 4

to specify the source address

option to set the size, in bytes, of the echo request packet from 32 to 65,527

sets the Time to Live (TTL) value, the maximum of which is 255

Ping command parameters:

Ping command parameters:Ping -n

Ping 8.8.8.8 –n 10

-n count , This option sets the number of ICMP Echo Request messages to send. If you execute the ping command without this option, four requests will be sent.

Ping command parameters:ping -t

Ping 8.8.8.8 -t

Pings the specified host until you force it to stop using Ctrl+CTo see statistics and continue press Control+Break

Ping command parameters:Ping -a

Ping 8.8.8.8 -a

This ping command option will resolve, if possible, the hostname of an IP address target

Ping command parameters:ping –L

Ping –l 100 –f 8.8.8.8

Use this option to set the size, in bytes, of the echo request packet from 32 to 65,527. The ping command will send a 32 byte echo request if you don't use the -l option.

Ping command parameters:ping -f

Use this ping command option to prevent ICMP Echo Requests from being fragmented by routers between you and the target. The -f option is most often used to troubleshoot Path Maximum Transmission Unit (PMTU) issues.

 path Maximum Transmission Unit

Ping command parameters:ping -i

ping -i 5 IP Wait for 5 seconds before sending the next packet

This option sets the Time to Live (TTL) value, the maximum of which is 255.

TTL values are different for different Operating Systems. So, you can determine the OS based on the TTL value

different operating systems set different defaults in UNIX TTL = 64 in Windows TTL = 128 in Solaris TTL = 254Source: http://subinsb.com/default-device-ttl-values

In computer networking, TTL prevents a data packet from circulating indefinitely

Ping command parameters:ping -w

By default, ping waits 4,000 milliseconds (4 seconds) for each response to be returned before displaying the "Request Timed Out" message. If the remote system being pinged is across a high-delay link, such as a satellite link, responses might take longer to be returned. You can use the -w (wait) option to specify a longer timeout

Ping –w 10000 IP

Ping command parameters:Ping -r

-r count = Use this ping command option to specify the number of hops between the your computer and the target computer or device that you'd like to be recorded and displayed. The maximum value for count is 9 so use the tracert command instead if you're interested in viewing all hops between two devices.

Ping command parameters:ping -s

Use this option to report the time, in Internet Timestamp format, that each echo request is received and echo reply is sent. The maximum value for count is 4 meaning that only the first four hops can be time stamped.

http://www.onlineconversion.com/unix_time.htm

https://www.epochconverter.com

http://coderstoolbox.net/unixtimestamp/

You can use an Online converter to convert unix timestamp value to  human readable date some converter links:

Ping command parameters:ping -S

Use this option to specify the source address

Ping –S SourceIPv6 DestinationIPv6

How to test connectivity with ping

How to test connectivity with ping:1) Ping the loopback address to verify that TCP/IP is installed and configured correctly on the local computer. PING 127.0.0.1

2) Ping the IP address of the local computer to verify that it was added to the network correctly. PING IP_address_of_local_host

3) Ping the IP address of the default gateway to verify that the default gateway is functioning and that you can communicate with a local host on the local network. PING IP_address_of_default_gateway

4) Ping the IP address of a remote host to verify that you can communicate through a router. PING IP_address_of_remote_host

Introduction of

Ping command

Ali Torabi

March2017

ali58t@gmail.com