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COMMON TYPES OF URINARY ALTERATIONS
ANILKUMAR BR
LECTURER MSN
Dedicated to Him.....
Urgency
– Feeling of need to void immediately
Cause of urinary urgency
– Full bladder– Infection and irritation of the bladder– Hyperactive bladder– Psychological stress
Dysuria
– Painful or difficult urination
Causes if dysuria
– Inflammation of the bladder– Trauma or inflammation if urethral
sphincter
Frequency
– Voiding at frequent intervals (less than 2 hrs)
Causes of urinary frequency
– High amount of fluid intake– Bladder inflammation– Increased pressure in bladder – Diuretic medications therapy
Hesitancy
– Difficulty initiating urination
Causes if hesitancy
– BPH– Anxiety– Urethral edema
Polyuria
– Voiding or passing large amount of urine
Causes of polyuria
– Large amounts of fluid intake– Diabetes mellitus ( DM)– Diabetes insipedus– Using of diuretic medications
Oliguria
– Decreased urinary output less than 400 ml/24 hrs
Causes of oliguria
– Severe dehydration– Renal failure– UTI– Increased ADH secretion– CHF
Nocturia
– Voiding one or more times especially at night
Causes of nocturia
– Large amount of fluid intake before going to bed– Renal disease– Aging process– BPH
Dribbling
– Leakage if urine despite voluntary control of urination
Causes of dribbling
– Stress incontinence– Over flow from urinary retention
Incontinence
– Involuntary loss of urine
Causes if incontinence
– Loss if pelvic muscle tone– Fecal impaction– Neurological impairment– Overactive bladder
Hematuria
– Blood in urine
Retention
– Accumulation of urine in the bladder,with inability if bladder to empty fully
Causes of retention
– Urethral obstruction– Decreased sensory activity– Neurogenic bladder– BPH– Post anesthesia effects– Medications side effects
Residual urine
– Volume if urine remaining after voiding more than 100ml
Causes
– Inflammation and irritation if bladder mucosa from infection
– Neurogenic bladder– BPH– Trauma and inflammation of the urethra
Jai hind... Jai Karnataka
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