administration of agents

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Administration of Pharmacologic Agents

Prescription Elements/ Abbreviations

Five Rights

Dosage Routes & Forms

The ALLERGY Reaction

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Prescription Orders

RX–Verbal orders

–Telephone orders

–Written orders

–E-fill

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Prescription Elements ~~~ Patient’s name,

address, phone #, dob Date the Rx was

written Name of the

drug/device Strength, amount &

refills Signa – directions for

use

Prescriber’s name, title, address, phone #

Calif. License #, DEA number

DAW (Dispense as Written)

Prescriber’s signature

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Pharmacy Abbreviations ~~~

Measurement (Amounts)

Bodily Functions (Conditions)

Route Form (Delivery

System)

Drug References Time of

Administration Site of Administration

(Part of the Body) Pharmacy Instruction

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Five Rights of Drug Administration

Right Medicine Right Amount Right Time Right Route Right Patient #6! Right Documentation

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Reasons for Different Routes of Administration

Convenience Preferred route is unavailable Rapid onset of action is desired Target delivery of drug to specific site of

action Prolong duration of action

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DosageRoutes Forms Oral (by mouth)

– Swallowed

– SL

– Buccal

Parenteral (injection)– IV,IM,SQ

Topical– Applied to surface of

skin or mucous membranes

Tabs, caps, sol, elix, susp, lozenges, etc..

Solutions & suspensions

Ung, crm, ltn, otic, opth, inhalants, suppos

Rectal/vaginal Nasogastral

The ALLERGIC Reaction

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Four Type of Allergic Reactions

Type I (anaphylactic reaction)– Immediate reaction that occurs in a previously

sensitized person.– sudden, severe bronchospasm & hypotension,

followed by rapid death.– N/V/convulsions, cyanosis, vascular collapse,

cardiac arrest.– Sample drugs: penicillins and cephalosporins.– TX: antihistamines, epinephrine &

bronchodilators.

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Type of Allergic Reactions cont.

Type II (cytotoxic reaction)– Autoimmune response involving drug and IgG or IgM.– Drugs: methyldopa, PCN, quinidine, procainamide– TX- remove medication

Type III (immune complex-serum sickness)– Delayed fever, angioedema, swollen lymph nodes– Drugs: PCN, Sulfas, Phenytoin

Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity reaction– Direct skin contact inflammatory reaction– Poison ivy/oak

The ALLERGIC Response

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Natural Chemicals & Response

Histamines*blood vessels dilate

*increase capillary permeability/edema

*uticaria/dermatitis

*rhinitis

*decrease vascular resistance/blood pressure

*increase GI secretions

*bronchial constriction

Prostaglandins*uterine spasms

*relax arterial smooth muscle

*decrease BP

*increase HR/CO/RBF

*increase loss of H20 and Na+

*increase GI secretions

*increase pain & inflammation

Leukotrienes*edema

*increase mucus secretions

*10-1000 times more potent than Histamine

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Summary Slide Understand the 5 /6

rights Recognize common

dosage forms Know routes of

administration Factors that influence

drugs effects Natural chemicals

action & response