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Administration of Pharmacologic Agents Prescription Elements/ AbbreviationsFive RightsDosage Routes & Forms The ALLERGY Reaction

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Prescription Orders

RX–Verbal orders–Telephone orders–Written orders–E-fill

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Prescription Elements ~~~ Patient’s name,

address, phone #, dob Date the Rx was

written Name of the

drug/device Strength, amount &

refills Signa – directions for

use

Prescriber’s name, title, address, phone #

Calif. License #, DEA number

DAW (Dispense as Written)

Prescriber’s signature

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Pharmacy Abbreviations ~~~ Measurement

(Amounts) Bodily Functions

(Conditions) Route Form (Delivery

System)

Drug References Time of

Administration Site of Administration

(Part of the Body) Pharmacy Instruction

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Five Rights of Drug Administration

Right Medicine Right Amount Right Time Right Route Right Patient #6! Right Documentation

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Reasons for Different Routes of Administration

Convenience Preferred route is unavailable Rapid onset of action is desired Target delivery of drug to specific site of

action Prolong duration of action

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DosageRoutes Forms Oral (by mouth)

– Swallowed– SL– Buccal

Parenteral (injection)– IV,IM,SQ

Topical– Applied to surface of

skin or mucous membranes

Tabs, caps, sol, elix, susp, lozenges, etc..

Solutions & suspensions

Ung, crm, ltn, otic, opth, inhalants, suppos

Rectal/vaginal Nasogastral

The ALLERGIC Reaction

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Four Type of Allergic Reactions Type I (anaphylactic reaction)

– Immediate reaction that occurs in a previously sensitized person.

– sudden, severe bronchospasm & hypotension, followed by rapid death.

– N/V/convulsions, cyanosis, vascular collapse, cardiac arrest.

– Sample drugs: penicillins and cephalosporins.– TX: antihistamines, epinephrine &

bronchodilators.

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Type of Allergic Reactions cont.

Type II (cytotoxic reaction)– Autoimmune response involving drug and IgG or IgM.– Drugs: methyldopa, PCN, quinidine, procainamide– TX- remove medication

Type III (immune complex-serum sickness)– Delayed fever, angioedema, swollen lymph nodes– Drugs: PCN, Sulfas, Phenytoin

Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity reaction– Direct skin contact inflammatory reaction– Poison ivy/oak

The ALLERGIC Response

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Natural Chemicals & ResponseHistamines*blood vessels dilate*increase capillary permeability/edema*uticaria/dermatitis*rhinitis*decrease vascular resistance/blood pressure*increase GI secretions*bronchial constriction

Prostaglandins*uterine spasms*relax arterial smooth muscle*decrease BP*increase HR/CO/RBF*increase loss of H20 and Na+*increase GI secretions*increase pain & inflammation

Leukotrienes*edema*increase mucus secretions*10-1000 times more potent than Histamine

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Summary Slide Understand the 5 /6

rights Recognize common

dosage forms Know routes of

administration Factors that influence

drugs effects Natural chemicals

action & response