Participatory gis in informal settlements upgrading

ROLE OF GIS AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN UPGRADING

INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

Case Study: Epworth Ward 7Zimbabwe

Geographic Information Systems(GIS)• GIS is defined as a computer aided decision support and planning tool which

integrates spatial data from maps and other auxiliary data (attribute data) for a geographical area of interest. It combines hardware, software, data and people to achieve its performance.

People

Hardware

Data

Software

Harare Slum Upgrading Profile Map

Epworth Profile• Epworth lies 15km from Harare City Centre• Its administered by Epworth Local Board• Its divided into 7 Wards • It is the largest slum settlement in Zimbabwe• It was established through the Methodist Church led by John white in

1908.• Surface Area: approximately 27km2

• Has about 30 000 families with 21000 staying in informal settlements.• Majority of people have residency period of over 20 years.• Has a road links to Mabvuku, Chitungwiza and Harare City Centre.• Sanitation –Majority use pit latrines• Water - majority use self dug wells and communal boreholes• Roads – informal dust roads –not all families have vehicular access• Energy source – majority use wood-

Epworth Ward 7The ward was enumerated and mapped in May 2010.

Enumeration and mapping results• Occupies about 5km2 of Epworth• There are over 6 636 households. – 35 000 people

– ‘Landlords ‘=3 388 Lodger =2 898 Other = 350

Sanitation type by households • ` Pit latrine 3423

(53%)• Bucket (pour flush) 2901 (45%)• Bush 64 (0.997%)• Ecosan 25 (0.03%)Water source – • Shallow well• Deep well• Borehole

Location of Epworth

Google Maps

Epworth Image

Epworth Ward 7 Image

Community Mapping process•Set up team of community mappers

•Trained by UZ, DoS and SDI

•Comumnity mappers did field identification of ground features to1. Compare image to existing features2. Pick important existing that affect re -planning of settlements3. Identify features that were too small to be seen on the image e.g wells,

poorly constructed toilets4. updating the features /infrastructure that came in place after the

image was produced.•Production of base map by digitising the information collected from the field

Informal Plots

Ward 7 boundary

StructuresRoads

Streams

Land Use Map – Base MapUSES

•Highlighted the existing Land-use pattern and distribution•Showed the records of land uses in an informal settlement.•Eased the process of determining the land use classifications necessary for the design of the layout plan.

Base map - Plot Sizes

USES

• To study density of plots.

•As a tool for kick starting community discussions on realistic densities

•Determining the pattern and distribution of informal plot sizes so that plots negatively affected by the re – planning can be identified.

Base map – Structures

USES• Setting up design parameters appropriate to this settlement• Used as a tool in making informed decisions if buildings are affected. ( eg

structures that need to be demolished to pave way fro infrastructure)• Highlighted areas which needs special attention when re - planning.• Rankings were done with consideration of building material used (bricks,

wood, window panes and roofing sheets) and age• The ranking were marked from Very good to very poor

Very Good

Good Fair Poor Very Poor

Very Poor

Fair

Very Good

Orientation of Buildings Map• Assist in determining block orientation that conforms

with existing development• To determine location of sewer and water lines.• respect street access, activity zones, and urban design

guidelines• To give an aesthetic value to the settlement

Buffers/Reserves/ZonesUses1. Showed required catchment areas for public facilities

(schools, shopping centres, bus routes

2. Highlighted Environmental protection zone

3. Market Analysis for commercial uses

EPA Buffer Zone

Modelling

• A Digital Terrain Model is an example• Models help bring a sense of reality to the map• Given the participatory approach used in upgrading where

people at different levels participate, models bring the picture in laymen’s terms.

Base map - SlopeUSES• Showed the gradient of the slum• Helped in the designing of roads and storm water drains• Slope also has effect on block orientation• Sewerage design• Used also in plot size determination• Aesthetics (landmarks)

THE CONCEPT PLAN

The Concept plan

The Layout Plan

Sequence of GIS maps1. Satellite image

2. Base maps• Planning boundary• Land use Map• Structures Map• Plot Sizes Map• Orientation Map• Reserves/Buffer/Zones Map• Slope Map• Model Map

3. Concept Plan

4. Layout Plan

EPWORTH WARD 7 PLANNING BOUNDARY

ROAD NETWORK

OPEN SPACES

INSTITUTIONS

RECREATIONAL AREAS

CEMETERY

ACTIVITY CORRIDORS

SHOPPING CENTRES

RESIDENTIAL AREAS

RESIDENTIAL AREAS- CLUSTERS

RESIDENTIAL AREAS- INDIVIDUAL