Coastal Zone Planning and Tourism by Mike Haynes, MRTI

COASTAL ZONE PLANNING & TOURISM

Mike Haynes Myanmar Responsible Tourism Institutewww.myanmarresponsibletourism.orgwwwmikehaynesconsultant.com

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ABOUT ME…

Senior Tourism Advisor in Development Projects

Specialist in Myanmar, Heritage, Tourism, Training and Project Management

PhD Researcher in Destination Management Planning

Worked from 2003-2009 in Tourism Planning in Marine Protected Areas in Vietnam

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Supports responsible tourism development in Myanmar through knowledge sharing, research and training

Raise awareness of responsible travel, community involvement in tourism, livelihood generation and environmental sustainability

Education and training to stakeholders & e-library

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COASTAL TOURISM?• 60% of the world’s population live within 60

km of the sea*

• 80% of all tourism takes place in coastal areas*

• Beaches & coral reefs the most popular coastal destinations

• We are a “blue planet”: conservation of our seas is vital to our climate and food production

• Tourism can have significant environmental and cultural impacts if not managed correctly

• In many cases local communities do not benefit from tourism

*WWF

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DECISIONS IN MANAGEMENT

7Whitsunday National Park, Australia Pattaya Beach, Thailand

DECISIONS IN MANAGEMENT

8Ngapali Beach, Myanmar Costa-del-Sol, Spain

IMPACTSResorts in Mui Ne, Vietnam, have lost beach front due to poor planning and sand extraction

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ENVIRONMENTAL• Damage to fragile environments

• Removal of Mangrove forests and seagrass: vital for fisheries and coastal protection

• Damage to dune systems by sand extraction and relocation

• Damage to coral reef systems from run-off and tourism activities

• Plastic waste

• Loss of turtle nesting grounds and other species habitat through disturbance

• Sewage and human waste

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SOCIAL• Exposure to new cultures in conservative

communities

• Sexual exploitation

• Increase in land prices

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ECONOMIC• Access to beach-fronts for fishing

• Poor access to jobs, especially “quality” front of house & managerial positions: employment adaptation

• Exclusion from the market

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SOLUTIONS14

ZONING

All coastal areas require Destination Management Planning

Areas should be set aside for different types of development and activities

All developments must have comprehensive environmental and social impact assessments

Clear areas for local access, conservation and no development

Clear decisions must be made on regulating style and types of development

Local communities must be decision makers

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SOME EXAMPLES

core “no take” zone non-extractive tourism activities community use zone for traditional fishing common zone

Bunaken National Marine Park (Marine National Park) Indonesia: North Sulawesi

Hoi An Zonation Plan, Vietnam

protection zone (no new buildings) buffer zone (strict regulations)

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DESTINATION MANAGEMENT

The best managed destinations are also likely to excel in attracting new investment, in keeping value-added jobs, in bringing in new talent and in stimulating innovation.

Great destinations are great places to live and work as well as to visit:

• Local communities must benefit and be decision makers

• Tourism should support local employment, education, training and development

• Destinations must target the right type of visitor

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Destination Management is a process of coordinating the management of all the aspects of a destination that contribute to a visitor's experience, taking account of the needs of visitors, local residents, businesses and the environment.  A Destination Management Plan (DMP) is a shared statement of intent to manage a destination, defining the roles of stakeholders, identifying actions and allocating resources.

A Destination Management Organisation (DMO) should coordinate the different agencies involved with tourism management, for example Hotels, Transport Infrastructure, Tourism Businesses and so on

DESTINATION MANAGEMENT PLANNING

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THE VISITOR ECONOMY

TRANSPORT ACCOMMODATION

CATERING RECREATION.&. ACTIVITIES

TRAVEL.AGENTS.ETC

Food.&.Beverage.supply.@.Laundry. Services.@.Electricity.Supply.@.Firewood.

Wholesalers.@.Printers/publishers.@.UKliKes Furniture.and.equipment.supplies.@.Security

Services.@.Machinery.and.Equipment.Maintenance Resort.Development.@.HandicraO.ProducKon.@.Markets

Mobile.communicaKons.@.Computers.@.Concrete.@.Fuel.&.Oil Transport.AdministraKon.@.Tourism.PromoKon.@.Landscape.Design

Culture.and.Natural.Heritage.@.Clean.Water.@.Health.Services

The$Travel$and$Tourism$Industry$

The$Visitor$Economy$

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STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

Endorsement*Workshop*and*

feedback*

Dra4ing*Des7na7on*Management*

Plan*

Ins7tu7onal*Framework*Study*

Accommoda7on*Sector*Analysis*

Environmental*Study*

Tourism*(Visitor)*Survey*

1st*site*research*and*stakeholder*consulta7ons*

Ini7alising*research:*review*

of*previous*studies*

2nd*site*research*and*individual*consulta7ons*

Research*feedback*

stakeholder*consulta7ons*

Des7na7on*Management*Plan*Inlay*Lake*

Region*

Implementa7on*and*onLgoing*evalua7on*

Tour guides, trekking guides, hotel owners, craft makers, shop owners, boat drivers, tour companies, drivers, restaurants, cafes, civil society leaders, tourist police, government departments and ministries, farmers, the general public from all over the wider area…

Over 100 focus group interviews and 7 consultation workshops

Comprehensive tourism survey (1,700 tourists, domestic and international)

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DMP INLE LAKE REGION:

VisionGoals and Objectives of the Visitor EconomyThe Legal Context – for Operators and InvestorsNational Tourism Context in MyanmarA description of the Inlay Lake Region – what is it?The regional Key Assets and tourism inventory

Regional InfrastructureHealth and Safety IssuesRegional Visitation & ForecastsEnvironmental Issues

Strategic Directions of the Regional Visitor EconomyFuture Markets and GrowthProposed Development Strategies and ActionsPrioritized Implementation Plan

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THANK YOU FOR LISTENINGwww.myanmarresponsibletourism.orgwwwmikehaynesconsultant.com 22