Climate Smart Agriculture - an opportunity for businesses

Climate-Smart Agriculture: An opportunity for businesses

Alain VidalDirector of Strategic Partnerships, CGIAR System OrganizationG-20Y Summit 2016, St Moritz, Switzerland

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CIMMYTMexico CityMexico

IFPRIWash. DCUSA

CIPLimaPeru

CIATCaliColombia

BioversityInternationalRome Italy

AfricaRiceCotonouBenin

IITAIbadanNigeria

ILRINairobiKenya

World AgroforestryNairobiKenya

ICARDABeirutLebanon ICRISAT

PatancheruIndia

IWMIColomboSri Lanka

IRRILos BanosPhillippines

World FishPenangMalaysia

CIFORBogorIndonesia

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Actors and thinkers of globalization

How can we, leaders of G20 industries and leaders in science, design a sustainable pathway to combat climate change while ensuring the prosperity of farmers and the agribusiness ?

Our food system: driver and victim of climate change

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Agriculture, FOrestry and Land Use

Non-Ag Energy

70

2

Source: IPCC WGIII

Our food system: a critical driver of climate change

Agriculture-related activities are 24% of

global greenhouse gas emissions (2010)

Tomorrow: 50% of emissions to feed ourselves ? “Business as usual” (BAU)

agriculture emissions would comprise ~50% of allowable emissions to achieve a 2°C world

Gt CO2e per year

2010 2050 (Business as

usual)

2050 (2°C target)

9 11

40

74

Non-agricultural emissions

Agricultural and agriculture-driven land-use change emissions

~50%

49

85

22

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Climate variability will impact on food production

Source: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)

Crop yields drop by 2050 under BAU

5% per °C Maize 16% Rice 21% Wheat 42% Coffee 50%

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Suitability changes for coffee in East Africa

Arabica Robusta

How good / bad is climate smart agriculture ?

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Climate-smart agriculture :Not a chocolate box !

How smart?

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Changing diets and reducing waste

http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission

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Towards diets that are more healthy and more climate-friendly

Tilman & Clark, 2014

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Reducing our food losses and wastage

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Reducing agricultural emissions

http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission

Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying (AWD)

30% water

20-50% GHG

Without compromising yield

• Keep flooded for 1st 15 days and at flowering

• Irrigate when water drops to 15 cm below the surface

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16 15.0

8.7

-42%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

t CO

2-eq

/ ha

*sea

son

4.93.9

-20%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

-22%-28%

6.04.7

6.44.6

Hilly mid-slopes Delta low-lying

Summer-Autumn

Winter-Spring

Sander et al. in press IRRI

AWD Conventional

COLOMBIA Storing Carbon deep in the Soil

4 to 5 fold increase in animal production

Tropical forages for degraded pastures

Resilience to drought

35% increase in soil carbon

75% below 20 cm

Fisher et al. 1994

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Will climate-smart agriculture make the difference ?

http://ccafs.cgiar.org/commission

Sequestration of carbon in soil and trees

NIGER Bringing back the Sahel’s ‘underground forest’

5 million ha of land restored, over 200 million trees re-established

Reduces drought impacts

Additional half a million tonnes of grain per year

GLOBAL Agroecology

80% increases in yield

Resilience to pest and disease

0.35 tons Carbon ha-1

yr-1

37M ha of land in developing countries

Pretty et al. 2006

Climate-smart coffee-banana systems

Microclimate: shading can reduce temperature by >2° Celsius

Shade biomass increases carbon stock→ CC mitigation

Shade plants increase revenue and food security for smallholdersincome up

> 50%

Van Asten et al (2014)

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Climate-smart agriculture:rediscovering insuranceHorn of Africa – insuring the never-before-insured against catastrophic drought

IBLI (index-based livestock insurance) contract holders receive payouts when forage conditions deteriorate

14,000 pastoralists in 200,000 US$ paid out 33% reduction in food aid

Ground-testing Climate-Smart Agriculture with businesses

The WBCSD CSA Platform

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The LCTPi could cut emissions by 17-18 GtCO2e per year by 2030 versus business-as-usual

A global value chain group

CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP AROUND THE WORLD

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AA1:BUILDING

SMALLHOLDER RESILIENCE

AA2:SCALING-UP

INVESTMENT IN CSA

AA3:IMPROVING BUSINESSES’

ABILITY TO TRACE, MEASURE AND MONITOR CSA

PROGRESS

AA4:IMPLEMENTING AGRICULTURE-DRIVEN ZERO

DEFORESTATION AND SUSTAINABLE

LAND-USE COMMITMENTS

CSA PRIORITY ACTION AREAS

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AA3 - IMPROVING BUSINESSES’ ABILITY TO TRACE, MEASURE AND MONITOR CSA PROGRESS

•Key commodities and geographies of concern identified•Five ‘road-test’ countries identified in conjunction with Action Area 1, Action 1

Identify priorities for productivity, livelihoods, incomes and resilience

•Highest emission Industry sectors and top 5 country emitters for these industries identified

•Countries matched to WG Member company supply chains

Identify priorities for agricultural GHG emissions

•Monitoring methodologies & toolkits reviewed under each of the 3 CSA Pillars

•Preferred methodologies assembled into a framework

Develop a corporate CSA measurement protocol

•WG member companies have volunteered to ‘road-test’ the CSA measurement protocol for 2 years

•Road-tests launched

Road-test the corporate CSA measurement protocol

•Global measurement protocol developed with corporate CSA measurement protocol and other global measurement initiativesMeasure global progress towards

Vision 2030

Science for sustainable businesses

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Understanding how farmers invest

Variety +Pruning +Weeding +Mulching +Manure and fertilizer

Prod

uctiv

ity

Planting material

ExtensionService providers

Credit servicesFarmer coops

Labour

Knowledge

LabourLabour

$ Money Labour

$ Money

KnowledgeResources

required =

Stepwise investments ➣ higher efficiency

Commodities at risk

% of respondents

56%Soybean

56%Corn

50%Grains

38%Sugar

38%Rice

25%Coffee

25%

Dairy

Meat

Vegetables

Forest productsCotton

Fish

Tomato

Potato

19%

19%13%

13%

19%

13%

13%

44%Palm

Cocoa31%

Landscape analysis on Agribusiness collaboration for sustainable agriculture

and food security

Which types of collaboration hold the greatest latent potential for impact & scale?

Actors within the same value chain

Collaboration within a geographic and demographic reach

Structurally complexmultitude of contributors, geographies and value chains

Correcting Supply chainInefficiencies

Strengthening landscape level

approaches

Improving theBusiness enabling

Environment

A

B

C

Landscape analysis on Agribusiness collaboration for sustainable agriculture

and food security

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Science for sustainable businesses

Candid and transparent approaches – with metrics – help reconsidering farmers and their real issues Develop climate-smart agriculture to re-create value in supply chains – and measure itOpportunities for businesses to enhance their social (adaptation, food security) and environmental (mitigation) responsibility

Thank youa.vidal@cgiar.org

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