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EIP Water ConferenceLeeuwarden (NL) – 10 February 2016
Water reuse – status and contribution to EU initiative
9 February 2016 – Side meeting
Castell –Platja d’Aro, a reference case for water reclamation and reuse
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Presentation outline
• RTWQM Action Group Objectives
• Consorci Costa Brava (CCB) and water reuse in CCB
• R3water project and water reuse in R3water
• Castell – Platja d’Aro Case Study
• R3water innovative technologies in Castell – Platja d’Aro
• Regulatory aspects on Monitoring strategies
• Environmental, planning and socio-economic aspects
from the experience
• Urban Water Cycle in the context of the Circular Economy
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
RTWQM Action Group Objectives
http://www.eip-water.eu/RTWQM
Objective: to foster solutions to water challenges based on online water
quality monitoring technologies and affordable monitoring strategies
• Water sectors: water bodies, drinking water and waste water, including
water reclamation and reuse
• Applications:
• Resource efficiency, in terms of chemical dosing and energy, in water
treatment processes for both water supply and waste water;
• Early warning systems to detect pollution of surface water, ground water
catchments and drinking water resources;
• Control networks to monitor industrial and urban waste water discharges
and water reuse schemes.
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Consorci Costa Brava• Water utility (1971) providing water
services to 27 municipalities in the
coastal strip of Girona’s province
• Resident population: 250,000 inhabitants;
estimated peak population in summer > 1
million inhabitants
• Wholesale drinking water supply to 23
municipalities (17.7 million m3/y in 2015)
• Biological wastewater treatment in 18
WWTP serving 31 municipalities (28.2
million m3/y in 2015)
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Water Reuse in CCB
• Reclaimed water production and supply for non-potable uses (3.3
million m3/y in 2015; max 6.4 million m3/y in 2010)
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
R3water Project
http://www.r3water.eu/
Demonstration of innovative solutions for Reuse of water, Recovery of
valuables and Resource efficiency in urban wastewater treatment:
• To support the transition from an urban wastewater treatment plant to a
production unit of different valuables by demonstrating new solutions to
address main challenges;
• To facilitate the market uptake of
these innovative solutions
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 619093.
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Water Reuse in R3waterInnovative technologies:• DOSCONTROL (TEQMA): Advanced control for combined (UV+Cl) water disinfection
• AQUABIO (ADASA): Online monitoring of E.coli and total coliforms in water
• AQUATRACK (AQUA-Q): Early warning system for pathogens in water coupled with
sampler
Demonstration sites:• Hammarby Sjostadsverk: IVL’s pilot plant (Stockholm – Sweden)
• Castell – Platja d’Aro WWTP (Costa Brava – Spain)
R3Water workshop “From Innovation to Market: The Second Valley of
Death” (11th February 2016 in Leeuwarden, NL)http://r3water.eu/r3water-workshop-from-innovation-to-market-the-second-valley-of-death-11th-february-2016-in-leeuwarden-nl
/
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Castell – Platja d’Aro Case StudyWWTP
• Municipalities of Castell-Platja d’Aro, Platja d’Aro, Sant Feliu de Guixols and Santa
Cristina d’Aro
• Average capacity of 35.000 m3/day, and 175.000 p.e., high seasonality
• Primary treatment, secondary treatment with conventional activated sludge and a
tertiary treatment for golf course and agricultural irrigation
Water Reclamation
• Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) is
designed for a 15.000 m3/day flow
• Gravity sand filtration + combined
disinfection (UV + Sodium hypochlorite)
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Castell – Platja d’Aro Case StudyMain reclaimed water users: 2 golf courses, one pitch & putt facility and two
agricultural irrigation communities (corn and orchard products, respectively)
On-demand production, with a buffer storage of 325 m3
• Maximum peak production:
400m3/h, during the summer
2015
• The increase in the number of
users has increased the
demand almost at the limit of
the current production capacity
at hourly peak demand period.
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Technologies: Water reclamation
Benefits
• Efficient safe water production, providing the adjusted dose of each
disinfectant agent allowing fit-for-purpose production of reclaimed
water, according to the intended water quality for the reuse
(irrigation, environmental and industrial uses)
• Valuable real time information of the disinfection process
• Reduction in O&M associated costs
Continuous control of combined disinfection process in water reclamation.
• The appropriated combination of chemical + physical disinfection, generates positive
synergies delivering enhanced microbiology load reduction and substantial reduction of
operational costs and an increase in the safety of the reclaimed water produced
• The increased disinfection spectrum process ensures a residual concentration of biocide
through the distribution network, limiting possible regrowth
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Technologies: Online monitoringContinuous measurement equipment for: Escherichia coli and total coliforms
simultaneously.
• Used technique: Defined Substrate Technology® (DST®) and detection system by measuring
fluorescence and absorbance. Applicability
• E. coli is a bacteria widely used as an indicator of faecal contamination, and also key
indicators for determining the potential uses of reclaimed water from a WWTP tertiary
treatment.
Benefits
• Early warning in case of the water reclamation plant
malfunctioning.
• Efficient production of reclaimed water, avoiding overdosing of
disinfection chemicals and excess of UV power consumption.
• Allows the production of fit-for-purpose reclaimed water.
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Regulatory aspects: Monitoring strategiesDuring 2014, a market study was conducted in the scope of RTWQM,
based on the survey and the experience from more than 70 water
experts.
Regarding one question about the discrete
sampling, 70% of the answers point out that the
current water sampling strategies stipulated in the
water directives are not properly representing the
real status of the water bodies and treatment
processes
current monitoring regulations defined in the water directives as a
barrier for the adoption of innovative monitoring technologies ??
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Regulatory aspects: Monitoring in EU water directives
The monitoring requirements defined in the water directives are following a set of common
steps:
• Specify the minimum sampling frequency
• Specify the water quality parameters to be monitored
• Specify the physical/chemical/biological analysis methodMonitoring requirement RTWQM
applicabilityComments
Minimum sampling frequency
RTWQM technologies can provide sampling frequencies from minutes to hours, in any case higher than discrete manual sampling.
Quality parameters Not all the required quality parameters can be monitored online.
Analysis method Definitely, the online monitoring methods will often be different from those specified for laboratory.
Thus, the major barriers to online monitoring are:
• The specification of compulsory laboratory analysis methods.
• Available online monitoring technologies are not taken in consideration when defining
the quality parameters.
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Regulatory aspects: Spanish regulation on Water Reuse
National Water Reuse Directive ES: RD 1620/2007
• Establish different thresholds for the physicochemical and biological parameters,
according to the intended reuse, and even according to the different irrigated crop
types
But it presents some drawbacks that might act as barrier for the development of new
water reuse schemes
• First, the legal mechanism (Real Decreto) seems ‘written on stone’
• The nematode eggs parameter is not relevant for reclaimed water
• The nitrate threshold level for aquifer recharge is more stringent than for drinking
water supply itself
• High frequency of analysis (i.e., E. coli can be required up to 3 times/week)
required by the regulation causes an increase in the costs of lab analysis but does
not effectively protect the quality of reclaimed water
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Regulatory aspects: The WSP approachThe early warning function will never be fulfilled by specifying discrete sampling
strategies and laboratory analysis methods, and, in the limit, increasing the sampling
frequency will not be sustainable in terms of efforts and costs.
The Water Safety Plan (WSP)* is a risk-based approach that identifies which
parameters are critical, and accordingly, set up the monitoring strategies to be
adopted, including online monitoring
A potential approach to be explored, providing an effective combination of:
• discrete sampling, required for regulatory compliance, and providing accurate
measures for more water quality parameters
• and online monitoring, suitable for process control and optimization, and
providing event detection and early warning functionality
(*) Water safety plan manual: step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers. WHO. Geneva, 2009
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Environmental, planning and socio-economic aspects from the experience
Key messages from the 27 years of experience in
water reclamation and reuse in
Castell Platja ‘dAro
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Environmental aspects• Decrease of the depletion of strategic groundwater resources
• Efficiency of fertigation, introducing nutrient recovery and reducing the
environmental impacts of diffuse agriculture pollution
• Allows changing dry crops to irrigated crops. In the case of maize,
doubles the atmospheric CO2 uptake
(*) J. Muñoz and L. Sala: Environmental criteria for alternative nutrient removal in treated wastewater. 6th Conference on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Sustainability, October 9-12, 2007, Antwerp, Belgium http://ccbgi.org/docs/antwerp_2007/poster2007.pdf
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Economic and planning aspects• The WWTP Ecosystem: The environmental and economic
sustainability of the water reuse scheme is limited by the presence
of potential users in the WWTP area
• The use of reclaimed water for irrigation has lower OPEX than
extracting groundwaters + purchasing fertilizers
• Better crop response and more valuable crops production, saving
fertilization costs
• Funding sources vs. whole urban water cycle approach: the
reclaimed water as an alternative local water source to be
managed by water supply utilities rather than an isolated
service provided by the wastewater facilities
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Users and social acceptance aspects• Opportunity for the generation of new economical activities and job
creation in the WWTP Ecosystem
• Continuity of economical activities and municipal services (gardens
irrigation, cleaning of facilities) even during severe drought episodes (3
events between 1998 – 2008)
• End-users acceptance: the number of users has been increasing
during the years and even farmers located relatively far away are
interested in being connected to the water reuse network
• “Reuse of treated waste water”: please avoid to use ‘wastewater’
together with the term ‘reuse’, this will generate reluctance in the
users and public and it will hamper the wide adoption of water
reuse in EU REUSE OF RECLAIMED WATER
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Urban Water Cycle in the context of the Circular Economy
Drinking Water Plant
City
Waste WaterTreatment Plant
Water ReclamationPlantDrinking
water
Wastewater
Treated water
Fertigation uses
Municipal uses
Aquifer recharge
Reclaimed water
Rawwater
Online Monitoring for efficency
Online Monitoring for early warning
Depletion of strategic water resources
Water body
Public acceptance
Reclaimed water demandfrom users
Overall operational costs
Protection of water bodies
Crop production
Fertilization
CO2 net emissions
Efficient nutrient recovery
Diffuse agriculture pollution
Economical activities and job creation
Water reuse – status and contribution to the EU
initiative
Acknowledments• Lluis Sala - http://www.ccbgi.org/
• Uwe Fortkamp - http://www.ivl.se/
• Ernest Mejias - http://www.teqma.com/
• Montserrat Batlle - http://adasaproducts.com/
• Corina Carpentier - http://benten-water.com/
• EIPwater Secretariat
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Sergio de Campos
RTWQM Coordinator
sdecampos@adasasistemas.com
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