Real world risks for all Knowledge areas of PMBOK

Real-World Identified Risks For All 9 KAs In PMBOK

Submitted By:Khushboo Wadhwani

Computer Sciences & Information System Dept.

1.1.Integration Management

Risk#Integrating the employees, products, services,

operations, systems, and processes is a daunting thing and is of course a risk to take into account

Here CISCO managed this Integration risk and did a good job at Integration Management

http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ciscoitatwork/downloads/ciscoitatwork/pdf/Cisco_IT_Case_Study_Acquisition_Integration.pdf

Case study of: CISCO

1.2.Integration Management

Risk#Most large IT projects are planned these days, but that is

not enough. Most projects have major milestones, and the problem is that the work continues throughout each milestone; implementing sometimes starts before plan completion and continues through most of the testing.

This is a case of Bad Integration Management without taking the planning risk into account

http://www.projectperfect.com.au/info_it_projects_fail.php

Case study of: Virtual Case Software Project

1.3.Integration Management

http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Enterprise%20Risk%20Management/Enterprise%20Risk%20Management-Wipro%20Software%20Services-Case%20Study.htm

Risk#Poor Integration of Planning and Designing the

Approach and Process acts as a risk for project all the time and which impact cost and time handling as well

This is a case of Bad Integration Management

Case study of: WIPRO

1.4.Integration Management

Risk#Unstable development of operating system “Copland “for

Apple was a bad step as it was not properly managed and coordinated so they found alternative to meet their requirement by purchasing NeXT which is eventually a good example of analyzing risk and act at the very right time in order to fulfill the objective

Example of Good Integration Management

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=3

Case study of: Apple’s OS Development Project

2.1.Scope Management

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html

Risk#Poor business analysis capability will have three times as

many project failures as successes in IT industry. If we don’t spend time in formal requirements gathering to identify project scope it will turn into unclear objective and arbitrary moves .Unclear requirements is cause of project failure in IT industry.

This is a case of Bad Scope Management

Case study of: IBM Stretch Project

2.2.Scope Management

Risk#Number of projected changes to the requirements for

the product before delivery after delivery & during development impact the quality of product and sometime leads the project to run out of time.

This is a case of Bad Scope Management

Case study of: Canada’s Gun Registration System Project

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=3

2.3.Scope Management

Risk#Customers don't (really) know what they want so

eventually project ended up without focusing on what is the most preliminary requirement of project.

This is a case of Bad Scope Management

Case study of : FBI Virtual case file

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=3

2.4.Scope ManagementRisk#Unclear project goals and objectives, and project

objectives changing during the project as key factors in project failures i.e. Requirements change during the course of the project.

This is a case of Bad scope Management

Solution: http://www.techrepublic.com/article/five-common-errors-in-requirements-analysis-and-how-to-avoid-them/

Case study of:FBI Virtual case file

http://www.projectperfect.com.au/info_it_projects_fail.php

2.5.Scope Management

Risk#Objective Changes during project is ultimately slow

down the project, increases labor , increases cost, increases risk and maintenance and disastrously degrades the quality too

This is a case of Bad Scope Management

Case study of:FBI Virtual case file

http://www.projectperfect.com.au/info_it_projects_fail.php

3.1.Time Management

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=2

Risk#Customers have unreasonable timelines A common

mistake is to agree to such timelines before actually performing a detailed analysis and understanding both of the scope of the project and the resources necessary to execute it.

This is a case of Bad Time Management

Case study of : FoxMeyer ERP Program

Yellow=risks at QM Green = risks at TM

3.2.Time Management

Risk#Another common problem is using linear approximation

when estimating schedule for a project .

This is a case of Bad Time Management

Case study of:FBI Virtual case file

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=2

4.1.Cost Management

Risk#We generally forget to analyze Costs associated with late

delivery and Costs associated with a defective product External environment

This is a case of Bad Cost Management

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=2

Case study of : DMV Projects

Yellow=risks at CM Green = risks at QM

4.2.Cost Management

Risk#Every modification turn to increase cost of project and

sometime risk appears in the form that client remains with zero money because of poor estimation of budget and cost at initiation

This is a case of Bad Cost Management

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2493658/it-management/the-scariest-software-project-horror-stories-of-2012.html

Case study of : Software for California Courts

5.1.Quality Management

Risk#If we don’t take no. of defects, customer satisfaction,

control of process variance, reliability, security, into account it’s a risk at quality management

This is a case of Bad Quality Management

Case study of:Microsoft

http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Enterprise%20Risk%20Management/Enterprise%20Risk%20Management%20at%20Microsoft-Case%20Study.htm

5.2.Quality Management

Risk#Performance issues, security issues should be take care

of during the project development but those issues if experienced after product delivery cause the reputation of company at stack.

This is a case of Bad Quality Management

Case study of: DVM Projects

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=2

5.3.Quality Management

Risk#Poor quality of new version of product than the older

one thus, the product is not even able to achieve primary objective of project quality wise.

This is a case of Bad Quality Management

Case study : Sanbury’s Warehouse Automation

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=3

6.1.Human Resources Management

Risk#Workforce planning in terms of risk management comes

as HR management risk.

To analyze in best possible way that :Who is good for what??

Case study : Sanbury’s Warehouse Automation

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=3

6.2.Human Resources Management

Risk#Lack of manpower development is a HR risk so

Manpower Development is a Human Capital function which is responsible for developing the skills, knowledge and competence of the company's most important asset, its people in order to meet current and future business requirements.

This is a case of Good HR Management

Case study of: Infosys

http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Enterprise%20Risk%20Management/Enterprise%20Risk%20Management%20at%20Infosys-Case%20Study.htm

7.1.Communications Management

Risk# Failure to communicate and act as a team to

collaborate and understand project details.

This is a case of Bad Communication Management

Case study : FBI

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-project-management/it-s-biggest-project-failures----and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html?page=3

7.2.Communications Management

Risk# Two teams who need to work together for a project

have conflicts with each other which results into bad delivery because at no matter of time they will communicate properly.

It could be under HR risk as well

This is a case of Bad Communication Management

Case study : FBI

http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/6840_f03_papers/frese/

8.1.Risk Management

Risk#Not pre -analyzing items of project in danger is a risk of

risk management area; the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks(as the effect of uncertainty on objectives) followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events .

This is a case of Bad Risk Management

Case study : ABC Company

http://www.sterlinghoffman.com/newsletter/articles/article485.html

8.2.Risk Management

Risk#Risks associated with risk management is something all

project leaders, teams and stakeholders need to delve into during project initiation to analyse all possible risks.

This is a case of Bad Risk Management

Case study : Polaris

http://www.sterlinghoffman.com/newsletter/articles/article485.html

8.3.Risk Management

Risk#Derive all risks at all the stages of SLDC is the potential

step to reduce risks associated with risk management.

This is a case of Bad Risk Management

Case study : TradeNet

http://jitm.ubalt.edu/V-3/JITM%20Vol%20V%20No.3-4.pdf

9.1.Procurement Management

Risk#Greater confidence of right project outsourced at right

time, to right company to fulfill specific activity goal and take better control of uncertainty

This is a case of Bad Procurement Management

Case study : CN Group

http://file.scirp.org/Html/6-9900055_3213.htm

9.2.Procurement Management

Risk#Outsourcing of projects leads to some risk factors are

identified, including contracts risk, requirements definition and change, lack of communication, political and legal environment differences, and exchange rate fluctuations

This is a case of Bad Procurement Management

Case study : Microsoft, Oracle

https://books.google.com/books?id=9wXyBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA656&lpg=PA656&dq=decline+of+software+companies+case+study&source=bl&ots=DqUs5dgckp&sig=x7K7wewkD-xVSyZspe814gb34Eg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMIqe-275iPyQIVicImCh3GQQmM#v=onepage&q=aCCENTURE&f=false

HW#10#TABLE-ONE

Name of Knowledge areas Examples of possible risks for this KA in software D&D projects with brief explanation) –outcomes should be based on shttp://www.itexico.com/blog/bid/97592/How-To-Time-Management-in-Software-Development-and-Project-Managementearch on internet(Reference links here are for depicting the detailed solutions or explanation of risks associated with that KA)

Integration Management RISK#1:Improper monitoring and Review of the Approach and Processhttp://www.slideshare.net/srengasamy/project-monitoring-evaluation-s-presentationRISK#2: Improper Planning and Designing the Approach and Processhttp://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/hgw-cgf/pol/rm-gr/girm-ggir/girm-ggir02-eng.asp

Scope Management RISK#1:Poor requirements specification and Lack of a master schedulehttp://www.techrepublic.com/article/poor-scope-management-practices-could-precipitate-project-failure/http://blog.gichure.me.ke/?p=154RISK#2:Change in acquisition strategyWrong team choice and resources allocationhttp://www.techrepublic.com/article/four-approaches-to-staff-reallocation-in-project-management/1060462/

Time Management RISK#1:Unrealistic project goalsBadly defined system requirementsPoor reporting of the project's statushttp://www.itexico.com/blog/bid/97592/How-To-Time-Management-in-Software-Development-and-Project-ManagementRISK#2:Inability to handle the project's complexityhttps://www.projectsmart.co.uk/six-time-management-tips-for-project-managers.php

Cost Management RISK#1:Longer a project is scheduled to last, the more likely it is that it will run over time and budgetWrong budget estimation.http://galorath.com/wp/software-project-failure-costs-billions-better-estimation-planning-can-help/RISK#2: Cost overruns Project scope expansionhttp://www.sitepoint.com/10-reasons-why-software-project-estimates-fail/http://smallbusiness.chron.com/reasons-cost-overruns-project-management-63225.html

Quality Management RISK#1:Badly engineered softwarehttp://www.datamation.com/entdev/article.php/3827841/Top-Five-Causes-of-Poor-Software-Quality.htmRISK#2: Poor acquisition practiceshttp://www.netobjectives.com/blogs/cause-poor-software-qualityhttp://blog.smartbear.com/sqc/5-reasons-why-software-quality-matters-to-your-business/

Human Resources Management RISK#1:Resource shortfalls Learning curves lead to delays and cost overrun RISK#2:Training is inadequateResources are inexperiencedhttp://management.simplicable.com/management/new/130-project-risks

Communications Management RISK#1:Ensure each team member clearly understands their role on the project. Communicate this at the beginning of the project and reinforce it as you make progress http://quickbase.intuit.com/blog/2010/08/27/miscommunication-can-derail-even-the-best-planned-project/#sthash.eVNrlDqJ.dpufRISK#2:Poor project communication among stackholders and communication gap i.e. less meetings leads to abstrusely understand project goal will cause many projects to end unsuccessfully.http://www.projectkickstart.com/downloads/tips11-poor-project-communication.cfmhttp://quickbase.intuit.com/blog/2010/08/27/miscommunication-can-derail-even-the-best-planned-project/Risk Management RISK#1:Experienced staff leaving the project and new staff coming in.Change in organizational management.Requirement change or misinterpreting requirement.http://www.cio.com/article/2391872/project-management/12-common-project-management-mistakes--and-how-to-avoid-them.htmlRISK#2:Under-estimation of required time and resources.Technological changes, environmental changes, business competition.http://www.cio.com/article/2434788/project-management/project-management--the-14-most-common-mistakes-it-departments-make.htmlProcurement Management RISK#1:Failure to negotiation a reasonable price for contracts http://procurementclassroom.com/checklist-of-potential-risks-in-the-procurement-process/RISK#2:Service quality is lowhttp://www.protiviti.com/en-US/Documents/Surveys/ProcurementContracts.pdf

By:Khushboo Wadhwani

Bradley ID – 258628

Class ID – 20

Computer Information Systems