Geo Technical Engineering Introduction

SIVA1

Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering

ground

SIVA Copyright 20012

Typical Geotechnical Project

construction site

Geo-Laboratory~ for testing

Design Office~ for design & analysis

soil samples

soil properties

design details

SIVA Copyright 20014bed rock

firm ground

Shallow Foundations~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground

~ mostly for firm soils or light loads

SIVA Copyright 2001

Shallow Foundations

SIVA Copyright 20016

bed rock

weak soil

Deep Foundations

PILE

~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground

~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads

SIVA Copyright 20017

Deep Foundations

Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway

SIVA Copyright 20018

Retaining Walls~ for retaining soils from spreading laterally

Road

Train

retaining wall

SIVA Copyright 20019

Earth Dams~ for impounding water

soil

reservoirclay core shell

SIVA Copyright 200110

Concrete Dams

reservoir

soil

concrete dam

SIVA Copyright 200111

Concrete Dams

Three Gorges Dam, Hong Kong

SIVA Copyright 200112

Concrete Dams

SIVA Copyright 200113

Earthworks

Roadwork, Pacific Highway

~ preparing the ground prior to construction

SIVA Copyright 200114

Construction hazard

~ an unwelcome visitor at an earthwork site.

A dead Anaconda python (courtesy: J. Brunskill)

What does it have to do with Geo?#!

SIVA Copyright 200115

Geofabrics~ used for reinforcement, separation, filtration and drainage in roads, retaining walls, embankments…

Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway

SIVA Copyright 200116

Reinforced Earth Walls~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil

SIVA Copyright 200117

Soil Nailing~ steel rods placed into holes drilled into the walls

and grouted

SIVA Copyright 200118

Sheet Piles

~ sheets of interlockingsteel or timber driven into the ground, forming a continuous sheet

ship

warehouse

sheet pile

SIVA Copyright 200119

Sheet Piles

~ resist lateral earth pressures

~ used in excavations, waterfront structures, ..

SIVA Copyright 200120

Sheet Piles

~ used in temporary works

SIVA Copyright 200121

Sheet Piles

~ interlocking sections

SIVA Copyright 200122

Cofferdam~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in

SIVA Copyright 200123

Landslides

SIVA Copyright 200124

Shoringpropping and supporting the exposed walls to resist lateral earth pressures

SIVA Copyright 200125

Tunneling

SIVA Copyright 200126

Blasting

For ore recovery in mines

SIVA Copyright 200127

Ground Improvement

Impact Roller to Compact the Ground

SIVA Copyright 200128

Ground Improvement

Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils

SIVA Copyright 200129

Ground Improvement

Smooth-wheeled Roller

SIVA Copyright 200130

Ground Improvement

Big weights dropped from 25 m, compacting the ground.

Craters formed in compaction

SIVA Copyright 200131

Environmental Geomechanics

Waste Disposal in Landfills

SIVA Copyright 200132

Instrumentation~ to monitor the performances of earth and earth supported structures

~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations, strains,…

SIVA Copyright 2001

Soil Testing

Cone Penetration Test Truck – Lavarach Barracks, Townsville

SIVA Copyright 2001

Soil Testing

More Field Tests

Standard Penetration TestVane Shear Test

SIVA Copyright 200135

Soil Testing

Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory

SIVA Copyright 200136

Soil Testing

Variety of Field Testing Devices

SIVA Copyright 200137

Typical Safety FactorsType of Design Safety

FactorProbability of Failure

Earthworks 1.3-1.5 1/500

Retaining structures

1.5-2.0 1/1500

Foundations 2.0-3.0 1/5000

SIVA Copyright 200138

Some unsung heroes of Civil Engineering…

… buried right under your feet.

foundations soil exploration

tunneling

Great Contributors to the Developments in Geotechnical Engineering

Karl Terzaghi1883-1963

C.A.Coulomb1736-1806

WJM Rankine1820-1872 A.Casagrande

1902-1981

L. Bjerrum1918-1973

A.W.Skempton1914-

G.F.Sowers1921-1996

G.A. Leonards1921-1997

Siva’s teacher in USA – deserves gold frame

Siva’s teacher in USA – deserves gold frame

Geotechnical Engineering Landmarks

SIVA Copyright 200142

Leaning Tower of Pisa

Our blunders become monuments!

SIVA Copyright 200143

Hoover Dam, USA

Tallest (221 m) concrete dam

SIVA Copyright 200144

Petronas Tower, Malaysia

Tallest building in the world

SIVA Copyright 200145

and….

Monuments

SIVA Copyright 200146

Some Suggestions

Thou shall not wait till the last minute.

SIVA Copyright 200147

Exams

My mama always said, “Exam is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you are gonna get”

SIVA Copyright 200149

Geo-engineering at JCU

CS2005Geo-engineering I

CS3002Geo-engineering I

CS4001Geo-engineering I

PostgradMEngSc/PhD

SIVA Copyright 200150

Practicals

~ five practical sessions

~ closed footwear must be worn in the lab

SIVA Copyright 200151

Laboratory Staff

Neville Hines & Rudd Rankine

SIVA Copyright 200152

Soil Testing

Being Pushed around by my Supervisors

Purdue University, USA

SIVA Copyright 200153

Quizzes

about 4-6, 50 minutes each open book

How?

Why? to reinforce main points provides a wake up call form of assessment

SIVA Copyright 200154

Past CS2005 Grades

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

HD 5 1 1 3 3 0

?

D 4 2 3 2 9 6

C 15 12 6 7 7 2

P 12 8 8 6 10 8

P- 6 0 2 4 1 5

N 12 10 12 14 9 13

X 0 0 3 3 3 1

Total 54 33 35 39 42 35

SIVA Copyright 200155

Some Suggestions

Work in groups.

SIVA Copyright 200156

Some Suggestions

Attend the lectures.

Develop a good feel for the subject.

It takes longer to understand from the lecture notes

It is practical, interesting and makes lot of sense.