Women entrepreneurship in India

Women Entrepreneurship in India: Some Aspects

Women Entrepreneurs

Women Entrepreneurs may be defined as the women or a group of women who initiate, organize and operate a business enterprise.

Government of India has defined women entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise to women.

Push-Pull factors and Women in business

Women in Business

Push

Pull

Push Factors– Death of bread winner.– Sudden fall in family income.– Permanent inadequacy in income of the family.

Pull Factors– To utilize their free time or

education.– Women’s desire to evaluate their

talent.– Need and perception of Women’s

Liberation, Equity etc.– To gain recognition, importance

and social status.– To get economic independence.

Categories of Women Entrepreneurs Women in organized & unorganized sector

Women in traditional & modern industries

Women in urban & rural areas

Women in large scale and small scale industries.

Single women and joint venture.

Categories of Women Entrepreneurs in Practice in India

First Category• Established in big cities• Having higher level technical &

professional qualifications• Non traditional Items• Sound financial positionsSecond Category• Established in cities and towns• Having sufficient education• Both traditional and non traditional items• Undertaking women services-kindergarten,

crèches, beauty parlors, health clinic etc.

Categories of Women Entrepreneurs in Practice in India (Contd.)

Third Category• Illiterate women• Financially week• Involved in family business such as Agriculture,

Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry, Handloom, Power loom etc.

Supportive Measures for Women’s Economic Activities and Entrepreneurship

• Direct & indirect financial support• Yojna schemes and programmes• Technological training and awards• Federations and associations

Direct & Indirect Financial Support• Nationalized banks• State finance corporation• State industrial development corporation• District industries centers• Differential rate schemes• Mahila Udyug Needhi scheme• Small Industries Development Bank of India

(SIDBI)• State Small Industrial Development

Corporations (SSIDCs)

Yojna Schemes and Programmes

• Nehru Rojgar Yojna• Jawahar Rojgar Yojna• TRYSEM• DWACRA

Technological Training and Awards• Stree Shakti Package by SBI• Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India• Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and

Development (TREAD)• National Institute of Small Business Extension Training

(NSIBET)• Women’s University of Mumbai

Federations and Associations• National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE)• India Council of Women Entrepreneurs, New Delhi• Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)• Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka

(AWEK)• World Association of Women Entrepreneurs (WAWE)• Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW)

SCOPE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA

• The emergence of women entrepreneurs and their contribution to the national economy is quite visible in India.

• The number of women entrepreneurs has grown over a period of

time, especially in the 1990s.

• It is estimated that women entrepreneurs presently comprise about 10% of total number of entrepreneurs in India, with the per cent growing every year and if the prevailing trends continue it is likely that in another five years women will comprise 20% of entrepreneurial force.

Source: Scince tech Entrepreneur March 2009

Women Work ParticipationCountry Percentage

India (1970-1971) 14.2

India (1980-1981) 19.7

India (1990-1991) 22.3

India (2000-2001) 25.68

USA 45

UK 43

Indonesia 40

Sri Lanka 35

Brazil 35

Women Entrepreneurship in India• Earlier there were 3 Ks

– Kitchen– Kids– Knitting

• Then came 3 Ps– Powder– Pappad– Pickles

• At present there are 4 Es– Electricity– Electronics– Energy– Engineering

Some examples• Mahila Grih Udyog

– 7 ladies started in 1959: Lizzat Pappad

• Lakme– Simon Tata

• Shipping coorporation– Mrs. Sumati Morarji

• Exports– Ms. Nina Mehrotra

• Herbal Heritage– Ms. Shahnaz Hussain

• Balaji films– Ekta Kapoor

Problems• Dual role to play at workplace & at home

place• Subordinate to men• Just that her being women• Non-awareness of facilities provided by

government• Competition with large scale units• Problems related to marketing

Suggestions

Procedure of getting finance should be simple

Effective propagation of programmes and yojna

Linkages between product, services and market centers.

Encouragement to technical and professional education.

Thank You all