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Understanding & Using English Grammar
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Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 1
Using Adverb Clauses to Show Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time RelationsTime Relations
Present
Past Future
By: Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar http://www.kau.edu.sa/SBANJER http://wwwdrshadiabanjar.blogspot.com
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 2
Adverb clause or Adverb clause or Dependent Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PASTPAST
PASTPAST
PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT PASTPAST
PRESENTPRESENT PRESENT PRESENT
FUTUREFUTURE
FUTUREFUTURE PRESENTPRESENT
Adverb Adverb ClausesClauses
TenseTensess
andandPAST PROGRESSIVEPAST PROGRESSIVE
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 3
AFTERAFTER
✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
A present tenseA present tense, is used in this adverb clause of time.
XXXXXXXXXXXX Future tenseFuture tense is not not used
in this adverb clause.
AfterAfter she graduates, she will get a job.
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 4
WhenWhen I arrived, he was talking on the phone. WhenWhen I got there, he had already left.
WHENWHEN == At that timeAt that time
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PASTPAST PASTPAST
PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE
PRESENTPRESENT PAST PAST PERFECTPERFECT
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 5
WhenWhen it began to rain, I stood under a tree. WhenWhen I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.
WHENWHEN == At that timeAt that time
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PASTPAST PASTPAST
PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 6
WHILE, AS During that time.==
WhileWhile I was walking home, it began to rain. AsAs I was walking home, it began to rain.
Past progressivePast progressive, is used in this adverb clause of time.
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PASTPAST
PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE PASTPAST
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 7
BY THE TIME BY THE TIME
By the timeBy the time he arrivedhe arrived, she hadhad already leftleft. By the timeBy the time he comeshe comes, she will havewill have already leftleft.
PASTPAST PAST PAST PERFECTPERFECT
PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 8
SINCE
SinceSince = From that time to the present The present perfectpresent perfect is used in the
main clause.main clause.
I haven’t seen him sincesince he leftleft this morning. I’ve known her ever sincesince I waswas a child.
Adverb Adverb clause or clause or Dependent Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PASTPAST PRESENT PRESENT PERFECTPERFECT
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 9
UNTIL,TILL
We stayedstayed there untiluntil we finishedfinished our lesson.. We stayedstayed there till till we finishedfinished our lesson..
PASTPAST PASTPAST
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
AS SOON AS, ONCE
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 10
As soon as it startsstarts raining, we will leavewill leave. Once I havehave a chance, I will throwwill throw you an ice ball.
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent
clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 11
WheneverWhenever
WheneverWhenever I seesee her, I saysay hello. Every timeEvery time I seesee her, I saysay hello.
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PRESENTPRESENT PRESENTPRESENT
== Every timeEvery time
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 12
THE FIRST TIME,…. etc., THE LAST TIME… etc., THE NEXT TIME,…. etc.
The first time that I went to New York, I wentwent to an opera.
I saw saw two plays the last timethe last time (that) I went to New York.
The next timeThe next time (that) I go to New York, I’m goingI’m going to see a ballet.
Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause
Main Clause or Main Clause or
Independent Independent clauseclause
PASTPAST PASTPAST
PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 13
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