Unexploded ordnance in landfills

unexploded ordnance.UXO in Land Fill Site

Class 1 TDG Dangerous Goods Items in your site can KILL!

3Rs of Explosives Safety

What Are Munitions• Munitions include:

• Artillery rounds• Bombs• Grenades

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Do NOT Disturb what you find

• Do not move it • Do not play with it in any form until advised

otherwise• Do NOT turn any gauges!

THE 3 R are CriticalThe purpose of this lesson is to learn:

• What ammo (munitions) are and how to recognize when you may have come upon ammo• The reasons ammo, particularly unexploded ordnance (UXO), is dangerous• That ammo may be called different names. Although there may be others, ammo may be called military munitions, munitions,

ordnance, explosives, bombs or duds• The 3Rs of Explosives Safety Stress: The importance of understanding:

• Ammo, particularly UXO, is dangerous• Actions to avoid and take should you come upon ammo that will help keep them, their families, friends and communities safe• The 3Rs of Explosives Safety:

Recognize - when you may have encountered ammo and that ammo is dangerous; Retreat – do not go near, move, touch or disturb it, but carefully leave the area; and Report – tell a supervisor and ask them to call 911 (police).

Lock Down the site until advised otherwise!

Never approach a grenade that was thrown and did not detonate, even if you threw it. Do not move, jar, or disturb as the fuse may function at any time. Never pick up, move, or disturb a found grenade, even if the spoon or safety pin is attached. It may be booby-trapped to explode when disturbed.

GHS symbol and TDG placard/labels

http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType272/Production/explosives.pdf

TDG Regulated by Class

What Are UXO

•UXO stands for unexploded ordnance.•Unexploded ordnance (UXO) are military munitions that failed to function properly upon use.

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Munitions Components Fuze – contains the most sensitive explosives

• Arms a munition allowing it tofunction as intended

• Can, of itself, cause death orserious injury

Booster – contains a slightly less sensitive explosive, can be hazardous

Main Charge – explosive, chemical, other• Explosive produces a blast wave and fragments• Chemical may include toxic chemical agents

Body – encases all the components of the munition, usually made of metal

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Munitions• May be hard to identify• Come in many shapes, sizes and types, even small

munitions can injure or kill• Include “simulators” and

“practice” munitions, which are also dangerous

• Can be dangerous regardless of age

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Which Are Most Likely UXO?

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54 6

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New

Projectile

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New

Rocket

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Munitions can be encountered almost anywhere such as:Active military installationsWeapons and/or munitions test sitesFormerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS)A home, as part of a souvenir collectionTactical areas

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Encountering Munitions

WWI training site that is now in a residential

development in both Canada and the United

States

UXO from live-fire using the same kind of weapon shown above.

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Encountering Munitions

Never approach any closer to a UXO once it has been identified. Approaching UXOs may cause it to explode. Never strike, jar, or touch a UXO. Do not move or remove anything on or near a suspected UXO. UXOs can be extremely sensitive and can cause serious injury or death if disturbed in any way. Many types of UXO may contain an incendiary (fire producing), chemical, biological, or radiological hazard in addition to explosives. Do not make radio transmissions within 100 meters of a UXO. Some types of UXO are sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and may explode.

Identify the four types and subgroups of UXO.1) Dropped

a) Bombs• Vary in length 3 to 6 feet.• Vary in diameter from 5 to 36 inches.• Often have a sloped or "bullet" shaped nose, fins,

and/or a parachute on the back.• May contain high explosive, incendiary, or chemical

fillers.

Performance Steps

Dropped

Bombs

Dispensers• Contain Numerous sub-munitions or bomblets.• Most have the same characteristics of bombs.• May be found intact or partially open.

Performance Steps

Dispensers

c) Sub-munitions• Can contain explosive, chemical, biological, radiological,

and/or incendiary hazards.• Designed to be scattered over a wide area.• Come in many shapes and sizes; may or may not be

"bullet" shaped. May look like balls, wedges, or cylinders.

• May have fins, ribbons, parachutes, or trip wires.

Performance Steps

Submunitions

Munitions can be encountered almost anywhere such as:Active military installationsWeapons and/or munitions test sitesFormerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS)A home, as part of a souvenir collection

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Encountering Munitions

The DANGER is real!

•Souvenirs recently collected or purchased and brought home or even Civil War cannon balls and artillery projectiles can be:

• Kept for years without incident, until they detonate• Believed, incorrectly, to

be harmless, until they are proven otherwise

• Deadly

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Projected

Mortars• Most have fins and have a "bullet" shape.• Range in size from 60 mm to 120 mm in diameter and

12 to 36 inches in length.• Can contain explosive, chemical, and/or incendiary

hazards.

Performance Steps

Mortars

c) Rockets• May or may not have fins; have some sort of rocket

motor vents in back.• Range in size from 24 inches to several feet in length.• Can contain explosive, chemical, and/or incendiary

hazards.

Performance Steps

Rockets

Guided Missiles• Most have fins; some have wires in the end for

guidance.• Very similar to rockets.• Can contain explosive or incendiary hazards.

Performance Steps

Guided Missiles

Guided Missiles

e) Rifle Grenades• Designed to be fired from rifles or shoulder fired

launchers.• Resemble rockets but are of smaller sized.• Can contain explosive and/or incendiary hazards.

Performance Steps

Rifle Grenades

Thrown• Includes all types of grenades, including simulators.• Most are round or cylindrical in shape and are small

enough to be thrown by a person.• Can contain explosive and/or incendiary hazards.• Dud simulators require the same safety procedures as

other ordnance.

Performance Steps

Thrown Grenades

Thrown Grenades

Placed• Includes all land or sea mines.• Range in size from 2 inches in diameter to several feet in

length.• Have a variety of fuse types pressure plates, tilt rods,

trip wires, electronic sensors, or command detonated.• Can contain explosive, incendiary, or chemical hazards.

Performance Steps

Land Mines

Land Mines

Land Mines

The 3Rs of Explosives SafetyWhen you encounter a munition outside DnD’s military munitions management system:

• Recognize – that munitions are dangerous• Retreat – do not approach, touch, disturb or

move it, but leave the area• Report – call 911 or tell your chain of command

what you saw, and where you saw it

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Recognize• Munitions may: − Not look like a projectile, rocket or bomb− Look harmless, but they are dangerous− Be shiny or rusty− Be clean or dirty

• Even though a munition may not have been moved for yearsor has been moved dozens oftimes, it may still explode.

• Leave it alone!

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Recognize• Munitions may: − Not look like a projectile, rocket or bomb− Look harmless, but they are dangerous− Be shiny or rusty− Be clean or dirty

• Even though a munition may not have been moved for yearsor has been moved dozens oftimes, it may still explode.

• Leave it alone!

59Grenade fuze

UXO Photos

Length = approximately 4 to 4.5 inchesDiameter = approximately 1.5 inches

UXO Photos

UXO Photos

Length = approximately 2 feetDiameter = approximately 4 inches

UXO Photos

UXO Photos

Length = 1.5 feetDiameter = approximately 4 inches

UXO Photos

New ammo looks like this:

Used ammo may look like this:

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Ammo may be hard to recognize

Ammo may:

• Look:– New– Like ammo– Like something else

• Be shiny or rusty• Be clean or dirty• Be covered with leaves, branches or dirt• Be in the water

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Some UXO are hard to identify• UXO comes in many shapes, sizes, and types.

–Flares, simulators, and blasting caps look harmless, but they are all dangerous.–Don’t be fooled by the word “simulator.”–Size and age don’t matter.

• Small items can injure or kill.• Old war souvenirs can be dangerous

UXO Examples

UXO Examples

UXO Examples

UXO Examples

Suicide Vest

Partially Detonated IED

IEDs in OIF/OEF

OPD MARCH 2004

Pepsi Can IED

Saddam Poster IED

More IEDs

Firing Wire

Explosive Charge(s)Blasting Cap

Car Alarm w/ Batteries

D cell Batteries

Electric BlastingCap

Car Alarm

Firing Wire

Explosive Charge

D Cell Batteries

Car AlarmCar Alarm D Cell Batteries

IEDs in OIF/OEF

OPD MARCH 2004

Chechnya IED

OPD MARCH 2004

Chechnya IED

OPD MARCH 2004

Retreat, Lock down that site until advised otherwise

• Do not go near, touch, move or disturb a munition or suspect munition.

• Carefully, leave the area, the same way you entered it.

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If you see or come upon something that may be ammo, do not:

• Go near it• Touch, move or disturb it

Carefully leave the area by the same path

Be safe, if you do not know what it is, do not touch it

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Report

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• Report what you saw and where you saw it to:

– Military police or local law enforcement

– Your chain of command

• Trained explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) personnel will dispose of the item.

Be Safe

• Remember, munitions can kill!– Leave them alone– Get away from them– Report them to law enforcement or your chain

of commend immediately• Keep yourself and others safe.

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9-Explosive Hazard Spot Report1) Date and time of the fall, impact, or finding of the UXO item(s).2) The exact location of item(s) landmarks, reference points, or street

addresses.3) The name and organization of person reporting the incident

including call sign or phone number.4) Identify UXO by type (dropped, projected, thrown, placed) and

subgroup.5) Any CBRN contamination present?6) What resources are threatened?7) How the UXO has affected site.8) The safety measures that have been taken including the evacuation

distances that have been accomplished.9) The requested priority for receiving EOD support (immediate,

indirect, minor, no threat).

Remember, if you encounter or suspect you have encountered a munition:

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