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The Gandhi an era (1919-1939)
A.PRAPANJAVIII B
BORN ON OCT 2, 1869 PORBANDER (GUJARAT)
FATHER-DIWAN RAJKOT (KARAMCHAND GANDHI)
QUIET BOY, WORKED HARD, VERY HONEST
AFTER LEAVING SCHOOL- ENGLAND TO STUDY LAW
1891 RETURNED TO INDIA
MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI
1893-1914 WORKED AS A LAWYER IN A FIRM IN SOUTH
AFRICA. INDIANS –INSULTED BEATEN UP STARTED FIRST SATYAGRAHA CAMPAIGN-
S.AFRICA BEHIND BARS THREE TIMES• SATHYA –TRUTH• AGRAHA –EFFORT OR FORCE (SOUL FORCE)RETURNED TO INDIA JAN 1915
As a Lawyer in South Africa
FOUNDED SABARMATI ASHARAM AT AHMEDABAD MAY 25TH 1915
INDIGO SATYAGRAHA BIHAR: CHAMPARAN 1916 EUROPEAN PLANTERS FORCED PEASANTS TO SELL INDIGO AT PRICE FIXED BY THEM FORCED THE GOVERNMENT TO MAKE ENQUIRIES INTO THE INJUSTICES DONE
Sabarmati Ashram
GUJARAT GANDHIJI LED-PEASANTS WHOSE CROPS FAILED -PLAGUE EPIDEMIC- WANTED SUSPENSION OF REVENUE COLLECTION SUCCEEDED IN HIS MISSION
(ONLY RICH PATIDARS TO PAY TAX) TEXTILE WORKES IN AHMEDABAD
UNDERTOOK FAST FOR INCREASE IN WAGES -BY 35% 1918
Kheda (Khaira) Agitation 1917
First W.War ended in 1918 Indians –expecting swaraj will be granted Instead, the government appointed the
ROWLATT COMMISSION under Sir Sydney Rowlatt, A British Judge
This Act empowered the Government to imprison any one for 2 years without trial and search any place without warrant
People called this act a Black Act
THE ROWLATT ACT-6th Feb, 1919
Newspapers declared the day so Followed by Hartals and strikes all over the
country 1919-Gandhiji founded the Satyagraha
Sabha Members pledged to oppose the Rowlatt Act
by courting arrest Gandhiji called for a nationwide protest in
the form of passive resistance The government resorted to tough
measures There were firings and lathi charge
6th April 1919-National Humiliation Day
MOHAMMED ALI JINNAH DR. SAIF UDDIN KITCHLEW DR. SATYAPAL CRICTICISED ROWCATT ACT -
UNDEMOCRATIC
Movement Against Rowlatt Act
GANDHIJI ORGANISED SATYAGRAHA- DIFFERENT- PARTS- COUNTRY BUSINESSES CLOSED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, RALLIES, STRIKES
RESPONSE MORE PRONOUNCED-LAHORE AMRITSAR
GANDHIJI COULD NOT GO TO PACIFY –ARRESTED AND SENT TO BOMBAY
THE WHOLE OF LAHORE IN THE STREETS (AROUND 20,000)
SATYAGRAHIS- PLEDGE TO DISOBEYE LAW COURT ARRESTAND IMPRISONMENT
Rowlatt Satyagraha
6TH APRIL GANDHIJI GAVE A CALL FOR COMPLETE HARTAL
PEOPLE RESPONDED WITH ENTHUSIASM 10TH APRIL PROTESTED OUTSIDE DUPUTY
COMMISSIONER’S HOUSE AMRITSAR AMRITSAR TWO POPULAR LEADERS1. DR. SAIF UDDIN KITCHLEW2. DR. SATYAPALARRESTED- SENT TO A SECRET PLACE THE CROWD FIRED ON SEVERAL KILLED (8TO
20) 5 EUROPEANS DIED IN VIOLENCE IN OTHER PARTS OF PUNJAB
April ,1919 (6th and 10th)
PUNJAB UNDER MATIAL LAW
BANNED- GATHERING OF MORE THAN 4 PEOPLE
THOUSANDS KILLED MANY OTHERS WOUNDED
GANDHIJI LOST FAITH IN GOOD WILL OF BRITISH
13th April,1919
SUNDAY 13TH APRIL 1919
BAISAKHI DAY – ANNIVERSARY OF GURU GOBIND SINGH’S FOUNDING OF KHALSA PANTH (1699)
15000 TO 20000 HAD GATHERED
04.30 PM (AN HOUR AFTER THE MEETING BEGAN BRIGADIER GENERAL REGINALD DYER MARCHED A GROUP OF◦ 65 GORKHA, 25 BALOCH SOLDIERS, 50 ARMED WITH
RIFLES
JALLIANWALABAGH MASSACRE
APPROXIMATELY 1650 ROUNDS FIRED
ACCORDING TO INC 1000 KILLED, 1500 INJURED (120 PULLED OUT OF THE WELL)
TWO ARMOURED CARS WITH MACHINE GUN - GATE
JALLIANWALABAGH MASSACRE
Indians could not forgive the British
RABINDRANATH TAGORE RENOUNCED HIS KNIGHTHOOD IN PROTEST
HUNTER COMMITTEE CRITICIZED DYERS ACTIONS
Reaction of the Indians to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
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