The Gandhi an era (1919-1939)

A.PRAPANJAVIII B

BORN ON OCT 2, 1869 PORBANDER (GUJARAT)

FATHER-DIWAN RAJKOT (KARAMCHAND GANDHI)

QUIET BOY, WORKED HARD, VERY HONEST

AFTER LEAVING SCHOOL- ENGLAND TO STUDY LAW

1891 RETURNED TO INDIA

MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI

1893-1914 WORKED AS A LAWYER IN A FIRM IN SOUTH

AFRICA. INDIANS –INSULTED BEATEN UP STARTED FIRST SATYAGRAHA CAMPAIGN-

S.AFRICA BEHIND BARS THREE TIMES• SATHYA –TRUTH• AGRAHA –EFFORT OR FORCE (SOUL FORCE)RETURNED TO INDIA JAN 1915

As a Lawyer in South Africa

FOUNDED SABARMATI ASHARAM AT AHMEDABAD MAY 25TH 1915

INDIGO SATYAGRAHA BIHAR: CHAMPARAN 1916 EUROPEAN PLANTERS FORCED PEASANTS TO SELL INDIGO AT PRICE FIXED BY THEM FORCED THE GOVERNMENT TO MAKE ENQUIRIES INTO THE INJUSTICES DONE

Sabarmati Ashram

GUJARAT GANDHIJI LED-PEASANTS WHOSE CROPS FAILED -PLAGUE EPIDEMIC- WANTED SUSPENSION OF REVENUE COLLECTION SUCCEEDED IN HIS MISSION

(ONLY RICH PATIDARS TO PAY TAX) TEXTILE WORKES IN AHMEDABAD

UNDERTOOK FAST FOR INCREASE IN WAGES -BY 35% 1918

Kheda (Khaira) Agitation 1917

First W.War ended in 1918 Indians –expecting swaraj will be granted Instead, the government appointed the

ROWLATT COMMISSION under Sir Sydney Rowlatt, A British Judge

This Act empowered the Government to imprison any one for 2 years without trial and search any place without warrant

People called this act a Black Act

THE ROWLATT ACT-6th Feb, 1919

Newspapers declared the day so Followed by Hartals and strikes all over the

country 1919-Gandhiji founded the Satyagraha

Sabha Members pledged to oppose the Rowlatt Act

by courting arrest Gandhiji called for a nationwide protest in

the form of passive resistance The government resorted to tough

measures There were firings and lathi charge

6th April 1919-National Humiliation Day

MOHAMMED ALI JINNAH DR. SAIF UDDIN KITCHLEW DR. SATYAPAL CRICTICISED ROWCATT ACT -

UNDEMOCRATIC

Movement Against Rowlatt Act

GANDHIJI ORGANISED SATYAGRAHA- DIFFERENT- PARTS- COUNTRY BUSINESSES CLOSED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, RALLIES, STRIKES

RESPONSE MORE PRONOUNCED-LAHORE AMRITSAR

GANDHIJI COULD NOT GO TO PACIFY –ARRESTED AND SENT TO BOMBAY

THE WHOLE OF LAHORE IN THE STREETS (AROUND 20,000)

SATYAGRAHIS- PLEDGE TO DISOBEYE LAW COURT ARRESTAND IMPRISONMENT

Rowlatt Satyagraha

6TH APRIL GANDHIJI GAVE A CALL FOR COMPLETE HARTAL

PEOPLE RESPONDED WITH ENTHUSIASM 10TH APRIL PROTESTED OUTSIDE DUPUTY

COMMISSIONER’S HOUSE AMRITSAR AMRITSAR TWO POPULAR LEADERS1. DR. SAIF UDDIN KITCHLEW2. DR. SATYAPALARRESTED- SENT TO A SECRET PLACE THE CROWD FIRED ON SEVERAL KILLED (8TO

20) 5 EUROPEANS DIED IN VIOLENCE IN OTHER PARTS OF PUNJAB

April ,1919 (6th and 10th)

PUNJAB UNDER MATIAL LAW

BANNED- GATHERING OF MORE THAN 4 PEOPLE

THOUSANDS KILLED MANY OTHERS WOUNDED

GANDHIJI LOST FAITH IN GOOD WILL OF BRITISH

13th April,1919

SUNDAY 13TH APRIL 1919

BAISAKHI DAY – ANNIVERSARY OF GURU GOBIND SINGH’S FOUNDING OF KHALSA PANTH (1699)

15000 TO 20000 HAD GATHERED

04.30 PM (AN HOUR AFTER THE MEETING BEGAN BRIGADIER GENERAL REGINALD DYER MARCHED A GROUP OF◦ 65 GORKHA, 25 BALOCH SOLDIERS, 50 ARMED WITH

RIFLES

JALLIANWALABAGH MASSACRE

APPROXIMATELY 1650 ROUNDS FIRED

ACCORDING TO INC 1000 KILLED, 1500 INJURED (120 PULLED OUT OF THE WELL)

TWO ARMOURED CARS WITH MACHINE GUN - GATE

JALLIANWALABAGH MASSACRE

Indians could not forgive the British

RABINDRANATH TAGORE RENOUNCED HIS KNIGHTHOOD IN PROTEST

HUNTER COMMITTEE CRITICIZED DYERS ACTIONS

Reaction of the Indians to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre