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THE END OF THE
UNIVERSE
Sandra Gil, Elvira Riveiro, Diana Tejera
INDEX
• Introduction
• Close Universe: Big Crunch
• Open Universe
• Flat Universe
• Theories of open and flat Universe: Big Freeze and Big Rip
• Other theories: Multiverse, False Vacuum, Cosmic Uncertainty.
INTRODUCTION
• Einstein´s theory of General Relativity
• Density Parameter()
• Ultimate fate depends on:– Shape: Flat, Open, Close
–Dark energy
– Equation of State
CLOSED UNIVERSE
• Geometry: Sphere
• Triangle > 180º
• Two forms to end:
– Lacking dark energy , leads to the Big Crunch
– With dark energy, expansion continues forever
BIG CRUNCH
• Based on Einstein´s theory of general relativity
• Universe´s density > Critical density
• Collapse into Black holes, then the Big Crunch
• Big Bounce, another Universe
OPEN UNIVERSE
• Geometry: Hyperbolic
• Triangle < 180º
• Continuous expansion
• Two endings:
–Big Rip
–Big Freeze
FLAT UNIVERSE
• Ω= 1
• Triangle = 180º
• Two forms to end:
– Without dark energy
– With dark energy
BIG FREEZE
1.Stelliferous Era: Today´s era.
2.Degenerate Era: Death of Stars and Black Holes formation.
3.Black Hole Era: Death of Black Holes
4.Dark Era: Nothing except for subatomic particles
BIG RIP
• Increase in the density of dark energy
• Increase in Hubble´s constant
• Everything disintegrates
OTHER THEORIES: MIULTIVERESE
• Set of Universes:
–Finite
–Infinite
• Form together:-Time-Space-Energy -Matter
OTHER THEORIES: FALSE VACUUM
• Vacuum metastability event:
– Alter everything
– Affect the foundation of matter, energy and spacestime
• Many-worlds interpretation
– Decay from a false vacuum to a true vacuum
– New worlds
– Some decay, some stay as before
OTHER THEORIES: COSMIC UNCERTAINITY
• Truthness of inflation
• Lack of proveness
• The end still unknown
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