Subject and predicate in Arabic

Subject & Predicate

مفيدة القراءة

بالل عداء

Agenda

O What is noun?OWhat are definite and

indefinite nouns? OHow to construct

nominal sentence ة ?الجملة االسمي

Sentences in Arabic1. Nomilal Sentence ة جملة اسمي

= Sentence that starts with a noun, like:زيد طالب2. Verbal Sentence ة جملة فعلي= Sentence that starts with a verb, like: ذهب زيد (Jayd went)

(Noun)1. Name of a person, like: ; خالد; محمد

مريم2. Name of a place, like: ،ة، لندن مك

أمريكا3. Name of a thing, like: قلم، كتاب، نار4. Pronouns, like: هو هي

He

هم هن They

Male Female

(Noun)

أنت أنت You

أنتم أنتن You

Male Female

(Noun)

أنا I

نحن We

Male Female

(Noun)

هما They2

أنتما

You2

Male You

(Noun)Adjective)

كبير BigSmall صغير

بعيد Far

جميل Beautiful

قريب Near

قبيح Ugly

Indefinite & Definite Noun

Indefinite Noun is calledنكرة in Arabic, like:

بيت A house قلم A pen

كتاب A book

لوح A block

مصباح

A lamp

حجارة

A stone

Indefinite & Definite Noun

Indefinite Noun is called نكرة in Arabic, like:

بيتقلم

A house

A pen

Indefinite & Definite Noun

Definite Noun is called معرفة

بيت A house البيت The house

كتاب A book الكتاب The book

Indefinite & Definite Noun

الـالبيتبيتمسجد كتا

ب

المسجد

الكتاب

Indefinite & Definite Noun

محمد زيدبالل

A MohammadA Jayd

A Bilal

المحمد يد الز

البالل

The way of constructing a Nominal Sentence

O A nominal sentence consists of two parts مبتدأ Subject (Focal point of the

sentence)

معرفة

خبرنكرة

Predicate (News or information about Subject)

1

2

القلم مكسور

The water is cold

الطالب مريض

الماء بارد

The student is sick

The pen is broken

Examples

Note: Noun that ends in Tanwin ( ) is (indefinite) نكرة

بيت

A مسجدMosque

A house

However when an Adjective comes as an indefinite noun we cannot translate it with ( A). Here are some examples-

مكسور

A sick مريض

A broken

A cold بارد

also comes as (Pronoun) ضمير مبتدا (Subject)

Pronoun is considered معرفة because it replaces a noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example-

Khalid came to Dhaka. Khalid wanted to get admitted at IUT. Khalid took part in the admission test. Khalid passed the exam and could get admitted at the university.

also (Personal Pronoun) ضميرcomes as مبتدا (Subject)

Personal Pronoun is considered معرفة because it replaces a noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example-

Khalid came to Dhaka. He wanted to get admitted at IUT. He took part in the admission test. He passed the exam and could get admitted at the university.

So if we were to say …

هو طالب مبتدأ .1 (Subject)২. معرفة (Definite)

(Predicate) خبر .1 ২. نكرة (Indefinite)

We can also say..

محمد رجل بالل تاجر

is

am/is/are

More examples

الفراشنظيف

الكتابجديد

العرشقديم

The book is newThe bed is cleanThe throne is old

Demonstrative Pronoun which is ) اسم اإلشارةconsidered noun in Arabic) also comes as مبتدا

(Subject)

Demonstrative Pronoun is considered معرفة because it refers to someone or something which is known. Example-

باب هذاكتاب ذلك

بهؤالء طال

This is a door

That is a book

Those are students

Conformity between Subject and Predicate in being Masculine and Feminine is necessary.

جديدالباب الطاولة

جديدة

The door is new

The table is new

Conformity between Subject and Predicate in being Singular/Dual/Plural is necessary.

محمد محمدان مسافر

مسافران

Mohammad is traveler.

Mohammads are travelers. (2)

محمدون مسافرون

Mohammads are travelers. (3)

can be a single word or a (Predicate) خبرsentence or even a semi-sentence

طالبخالد يأكل خالد

مك الس

Khalid is student

Khalid eats the fish

في خالدالجامعة

Khalid is in the university

Single word

Sentence

Semi-Sentence

Activities

Connect between مبتدأ and its correct خبر in the following sentences

الله محمدالمسج

د القرآن الدين

كتاب اللهكبيررحيم

رسول الله

كامل

Connect between مبتدأ and its correct خبر in the following sentences

الطالب

الضيوف

المكتبة

جل الر

أنا

عداءمفتوحةيقرأ الكتاب

في غرفة الجلوس

جوعان

Connect between مبتدأ and its correct خبر in the following sentences

مك السالمطع

مالجامع

ةالقلمالطعا

م

جديد

مشهورةلذيذ

نظيف

على المائدة