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Psychology 101
Sensation & Perception
Sensation
is the process that allows our brains to take in information via our five senses, which can then be experienced an interpreted by the
brain.
Perceptioncan be defined as our recognition and interpretation of sensory information.
Perception also includes how we respond to the information.
Is the primary process by which we obtain knowledge about the world we live in. it involves the taking in of information, through the activity of our sense organs responding to external stimulation (Sensation), followed by the processing of that information to make sense of what we see, hear, smell, taste, and touch.
Perception
PerceptionIs an active process of extracting information from the impingements of energy on our sense organs. When we perceive we interpret, organized, and often elaboration on the raw materials of sensation.
Short ActivityDirection:
Say a word what comes first from your mind when you see this picture
Localization
Constant
RecognitionDiscerning what objects are.
Keeping the appearance of the objects, even if their images in the eye are changing.
To locates objects or determining where objects are.
Major Functions of the Visual Perceptual System
Gestalt Principles of Grouping
Gestalt- A group of influential German Psychologist among them Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler. They theorized that we perceive figures and forms as whole patterns that are more than simple sum of individual sensation
Localization
4 Laws of Perception
Depth PerceptionKnown as pictorial cues because they are widely used by artist to show three dimensional images on a flat surface.
Relative Size
If an image contains an array of similar objects that differ in size, we interpret the smaller objects as being farther away. This phenomenon works particularly well when we know the true sizes of the objects.
Superimposition
If one is positioned so that it obstructs the view of another, we perceive the overlapping object as near.
Relative HeightAmong similar objects, those that appears higher are perceived as being farther away. The “higher” column perceived as farther behind the “lower” column.
Linear Perspective
When parallel lines appear to meet. They are perceived as vanishing in the distance.
Motion Parallax
Refers to the relative movement of objects at different distances from the observers.
Motion Perception
Localizing an object sometimes requires determining the movement of objects.
Template Theory
When the teacher writes letter “E” on the blackboard, we read it as such after comparing this stimulus to the templates of alphabet forms in our memory to produce the closest match.
Recognition
Prototype Theory
The theory argues that every member of a particular category shares certain key visual attributes.
Feature Theory
These features are extracted from the present stimulus and combined and compared with a bank of such features in permanent memory.
Perceptual ConstanciesConstant
Size Constancy Lightness Constancy Color Constancy
Shape Constancy Location Constancy
Last Activity
SAY the Color but don’t READ the Color
Red
Blue
Green
Yellow
Violet
Black
White
Orange
Thank You once again!!!
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