Psychology 100:12

Chapter 5

Sensation &

Perception

Part V

Outline• Attention

> Cells phones and driving

• Data collection> Group Sign up

> Four options

Study Question:

• Why might a proponent of Kahneman’s attention theory feel that driving a car while talking on a cell phone is a bad idea?

Attention• The cell phone diversion

– Strayer’s Research> The inattentional blindness hypothesis

Cell-phone conversation disrupts performance by diverting attention from the external environment associated with the driving task to the cellphone converstation.

> What about strategic reallocation? There are important and unimportant objects

> Two-Alternative forced choice recognition Drivers rated the importance of the items.

> Performance was significantly poorer in the dual task. even when fixation duration is controlled. Absolutely no effect of the importance of the object on the

inattentional blindness effect.

Attention

Attention• The cell phone diversion

– Strayer’s Research>Conversing on the phone vs. with a passenger

>Instructed to drive 8 miles down a freeway and exit at a truck stop.

Only 12% of drivers with a passenger missed the exit. About 50% talking on a cell phone missed the exit

• The passengers assisted the drivers

Attention

Attention• The cell phone diversion

– Strayer’s Research>Conversing and driving vs. drinking and driving

Car-tailing paradigm Compared .08% alcohol intoxication with hands held

and hands free.• No differences were observed between the cell

phone conditions• Both Alcohol and phone groups showed impaired

driving• 4 of the cell phones talkers rear-ended the pace

car (none of the drinkers had a collision)

Attention

• Sign-up– Groups of 4-6

> Minimal Shuffling> Contact information

– Four options> 3 in class experiments> One option for collecting your own data

Lab Day

• Response sheet– Groups of 4-6

> Minimal Shuffling> Contact information

– Four options> 3 in class experiments> One option for collecting your own data

Lab Day

• Data Set 1– Response Sheet

> 1-8 for ‘handedness’> 1 - 16 for ‘emotion judgment’

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• Handedness– For the following items use the following numerical answer key

Always Left Sometimes left Both Always right Sometimes right-2 -1 0 1 2

1. Which hand do you use to hold scissors?

2. With which hand do you draw?

3. With which hand do you deal cards?

4. Which hand do you use to hold a toothbrush when cleaning teeth?

5. With which hand do you throw a ball?

6. Which hand do you use to hold a hammer?

7. With which hand do you turn a key?

8. With which hand do you stir with a spoon?

• Add the responses together to get a “total”

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• Emotion judgement– Instructions

> For each of the following pairs of pictures indicate (top or bottom) which person looks happier.

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

• Emotion judgement– Scoring

> B> T> T> B> B> B> T> B> T> B> B> T> T> T> B> T

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• Indicate the total number (out of 16) of you answers that correspond with the answers given to the left.

• Data Set 2– Instructions

>You will see a series of statements, each describing a person performing some type of behavior.

>Each person belongs to either Group A or Group B.

>After all statements have been presented, you will respond with your impressions.

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• John visited a friend in the hospital.

• Allen dented the fender of a parked car and didn’t leave his name.

• Bill is rarely late for work.

• Bob helped a child.

• Tom shared his lunch with a co-worker.

• Scott cheated on an exam.

• Alan planted seedlings in a park.

• Henry went out of his way to return a lost wallet to the owner.

• Nathan took neighborhood kids swimming.

• John is considered a very dependable co-worker.

• Chad always talks about himself and his problems.

• Josh finished his homework on time.

• Lane is well-like by his colleagues.

• Davis read a story to his daughter.

• Ron made prank phone calls to his teacher.

• Bruce never returns library books on time.

• Ken helped a lost child in a supermarket.

• David converses easily with people he doesn’t know well.

• Fred gave blood to the Red Cross.

• Alex kicked a dog.

• Devin donated his clothes to charity.

• Mark learned how to fly an airplane.

• Gary earned an “A” on his research paper.

• Ted ran a red light.

• Jeff volunteered to tutor needy students.

• Richard yelled at a boy who bumped into him.

• Eric drove his elderly neighbor to the grocery store.

• Vincent forgot about his job interview.

• Keith organized a birthday party for a friend.

• Colin works out to keep himself in good shape.

• Robert talks with food in his mouth.

• Scott received a promotion at work.

• Norman often tailgates when he is driving

• Eliot sings in the church choir.

• William rarely washes his car.

• Pete is recognized as an excellent musician.

• Don took a hurt stray dog to the vet.

• Roger repaired his neighbor’s lawnmower.

• Craig helped a friend move.

Done!

Group Ratings

Attribute: Group A Group B

Popular

Lazy

Unhappy

Intelligent

Honest

Irresponsible

Helpful

Unpopular

• Construct the table below.

Group Ratings

• Your next task is to rate each of the groups.– Use the scale below:

1: Strongly Disagree

7: Strongly Agree

– You should use intermediate values as well as these two extremes.

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Group Ratings

Attribute: Group A Group B

Popular

Lazy

Unhappy

Intelligent

Honest

Irresponsible

Helpful

Unpopular

1: Strongly Disagree - 7: Strongly Agree

• Data Set 3– Response Sheet

> Indicate your Sex (M or F)

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• Consider the following:

Lab Day1. What figure best

represents your figure?

2. What figure best represents what you would like to look like?

3. What figure best represents what the opposite sex finds most attractive?

4. What figure from the opposite sex do you find most attractive?

• Option 4– Collect data on “Facism”– Design your own

experiment or descriptive study

> Form your own hypotheses Explore different forms of

media Male or female oriented

magazines ??

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