Nutrition Health

Global Disparities in Nutrition and Health

What factors account for disparities in world nutrition?

• Failure of distribution systems

Food distribution in Mogadishu

What factors account for disparities in world nutrition?

• The inability of people to pay the cost

What factors account for disparities in world nutrition?

• Traditional cultural practices that favor males over females

• Differential neglect

Which parts of the world are the most vulnerable to hunger?

• Average daily/capita calorie consumption:

What factors account for a higher incidence of infant

mortality?

• World infant mortality

What factors account for a higher incidence of infant

mortality?• Physical health of the mother• Improper weaning

What factors account for a higher incidence of infant

mortality?• Poor sanitation• Diarrhea

What factors account for a higher incidence of infant

mortality?• Malnutrition

Marasmus can develop into Kwashiurkor

Child Mortality

World Life Expectancy at Birth

What factor accounts for the large gap between LDCs and MDCs?

Types of diseases

• Infectious– Viral– Bacterial– Parasitic

• Chronic/degenerative

• Genetic/inherited

Epidemic

Pandemic

Endemic Diseases

• endemic - a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location

A disease agent is an organism that spreads infectious diseases

hookwormvirus

bacteria

Vectored diseases are carried from one host to the next by an

intermediate host--a vector.Non-vectored diseases are spread through contact--a handshake or a

kiss.

World Distribution of Malaria

Distribution of Yellow Fever

Sleeping Sickness

Diffusion ofSleeping Sickness

Tsetse fly vectors

Areas of Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) Risk

Dr. Snow’s Map

Life Cycle of a New Strain of Influenza Virus

• Pigs act as the host of strains from both humans and birds.

World AIDS

Chronic diseases--ongoing and/or diseases of aging

• The “epidemiological transition” occurs as a population develops and the major causes of death are chronic or degenerative diseases rather than infectious diseases.

• Heart disease, type II diabetes, cancer

Genetic diseases

• Sickle-cell anemia (African population)

• Down’s syndrome

• Phenylketonuria (European population)

• Galactosemia (milk allergy)

Geophagy

• Eating dirt to gain calcium.

• Common practice in Africa--brought to US with slavery.