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Maps, GPS, and LBS
Roberto Peretta
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers
#08 .:. Wednesday, December 3, 2014
Università degli studi di Bergamo. Area didattica di Lingue e Letterature straniere
Progettazione e gestione dei sistemi turistici / Planning and Management of Tourism Systems
Centro Studi per il Turismo e l’Interpretazione del Territorio (CeSTIT)
IfittItaly
Maps, GPS, and LBSWhat are we talking about, today?
2
1. Georeference
2. GPS
3. Google Maps vs. Open Street Maps
4. Foursquare
5. LBS
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
3
According to Wikipedia, “to georeference something means to define its
existence in physical space.”
Georeference
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
4
According to Wikipedia, “a geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system
that enables every location on the Earth to be specified by a set of numbers or
letters.”
Longitude and latitude
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
5
Any place can be defined by its longitude and latitude.
A longitude and a latitude
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
6
Positions detected through satellites (again just coordinates: longitude and
latitude) are “read” by data systems where thousands of coordinates
of Points of Interest (POIs) have been previously stored – like for Google Maps
or Nokia (now Microsoft) phones.
POIs
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
7
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation
satellite system (GNSS) that provides location and time information in all
weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of
sight to four or more GPS satellites.
It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by
anyone with a GPS receiver.
Current GPS-based devices include in car navigation systems (like Tom Tom)
and – increasingly – smartphones like the iPhone or Android-based mobile
phones.
There are more than one GNSS. For instance, Europe is developing the Galileo
GNSS, but practically all devices available on the market rely on the American
GPS.
The Global Positioning System
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
8
or GPS
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
9
Coordinates can be read, for instance on any browser through Google Maps
(though there are many coordinate systems: coordinates for a location differ in
different systems…)
Coordinates on Google Maps
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
10
Google Maps is currently the most diffused proprietary map system.
It relies on different providers of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
according to different countries, and is somehow opposed to
Open Street Map, an open source map system.
Google Maps, Open Street Map
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
11
Foursquare, a social network for mobile users.
Foursquare
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
12
Foursquare samples - 1
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
13
Foursquare samples - 2
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
14
Indeed, there are seamless connections among
locations – tourist locations, too! –
their geographical representation on the Web (on Google Maps, or on
Foursquare …)
and your customers’ smartphones.
This is very interesting from a tourist point of view.
1. Your website can use Google Maps to provide your customers with drive
directions to your business.
2. Destinations can provide location-based information on their heritage and
tourist services.
3. Destinations can provide such location-based info through mobile devices
like smartphones.
Location-Based Services
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
Maps, GPS, and LBS
15
There’s more to be considered.
Proximity. Tourists equipped with up-to-date smartphones can get relevant
information on the POIs they are physically approaching (museums, hotels, etc.),
by the very fact they are approaching them.
Language. Pieces of text designed to deliver information through smartphones
should be devised and written in order to be easily – perhaps automatically –
translatable under different cultures.
Speech. Due to ergonomic limits that are part and parcel with smartphones,
information is likely to be delivered less as readable text than as voice. In the
tourist information world, too, Text-to-Speech may become more popular than it
is today.
(Tablets, however, may be offering a solution to the question posed by
ergonomic limits.)
Proximity, Language, and Speech
UniBg 44111 2014-2015 .:. IT for Tourism Managers .:. Roberto Peretta .:. December 3, 2014
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