Management Information Systems

Management Information System

Introduction

Information systems has become as integrated into our daily

business activities

What is an Information System?

The Purpose of IS from Business Perspective

• IS provides real economic value to the business

• IS enable firm to increase it revenues or decrease its costs

The Business Information Value Chain

Contemporary approaches to

information systems

Differences between behavioral and technical

approaches.• Behavioral

approach.1. Concerned with

behavioral issues.

2. Sociology ,psychology & economics are contributing disciplines.

• Technical approach.1. Emphasizes

mathematically based models.

2. Computer science ,management science and operational research are contributing disciplines.

3. Focus of behavioral approach is generally not a technical solitions.

4. 2+2 = may be 4 or perhaps 3.5 to 5.5.

5. Emphasize the soft side of technology.

3. Focus on technical solutions.

4. The same equation we can say 2+2 =4.

5. Emphasize the hard side of technology.

Sociotechnical systems.

• Combination of behavioral and technical approaches.

• Helps avoid purely technological approach to information systems.

• Organization can achive more efficient and effective organizational performance.

Gain competitive advantage through the use

of internet

• Internet and IT has become an essential part for the businesses

• Whatever the matter whenever the time people used to find solutions at cyber space

• There for businesses must use IT & internet for their business purposes

Example

VAJIRA HOUSE AND CONSTRUCTIONS ltd.Published lots of information in their official web

site. Such as, Home designs – 1story, 2 stories, 3 stories, commercial Specifications Free services Contact details Company charities

Compared to the other competitors in the same industry they have gain a competitive advantage through the use of It & internet.

Why do big companies still fail in there IT

• Improper Planning

• Unrealistic expectations

• Incomplete requirements

• Lack of the executive support

• Technological Incompetence

• Installation challenge of information

technology

Walmart

• Sales $ 405 billions

• More than 200 Million per

week

• 9230 Retail Units

• 60 Different Banners

• 15 Countries

Three Basic Philosophies

• Centralized Database

• Common Platforms and Systems

• Merchants 1st and Technologists

2nd

• Save Money Live Better

• Always Low Prices, Always

• Least Cost

• Highly automated distribution

centers

• Computerized inventory system

Practical uses of IT• Simple IBM Computer System

• Barcode System

• Hand-Held Computers

• Satellite Communication System

• Largest Data Centre

• RFID

Applying to retail Units

• Using Centralized database

• Using Barcode system

• Computerized Inventory system

• Highly automated Database

• Using Common Platforms

• POS

Software as a Service Model

• Definition

• For many companies large and

small, SaaS is the best way to

roll out new technology.

• The staying power of SaaS has arisen for several reasons.

• The cost of entry is low• The onus is on the vendor• The vendor works for the buyer• Less risky investment• No need to purchase the system• No outdated solutions• Painless upgrades

Process of Knowledge Management

Create Share

Identify Modify

ApplyAct

Feedback

Culture ProcessPractic

eInfluencing Factors

Enabling Technologies for KM

Communication Collaboration

Intelligent Agent

Knowledge Discovery

Enabling Technologies for KM

• Communication• Collaboration

• Importance of Communication and collaboration technologies to the process of ‘Knowledge Management’

Business Process Management (BPM)

How does the Information Technology

supports BPM

Intelligent Agent

• An intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity which observes and acts upon an environment and directs its activity towards achieving organizational goals and objectives. 

• This can be shown graphically as follows.

Agent

Sensors

Percepts Actions

Environment

what is the world like

now

Condition action (Rules)

Actions to be done

Actuators

• ‘Intelligent Agents’ systems should exhibit the following characteristics:

• Accommodate new problem solving rules incrementally

• Adapt online and in real time• Be able to analyze itself in terms of

behavior, error and success.

• Learn and improve through interaction with the environment (embodiment)

• Learn quickly from large amounts of data.

• Have memory-based exemplar storage and retrieval capacities

• Have parameters to represent short and long term memory, age, forgetting, etc.

• ‘Intelligent Agents’ can be categorized into five classes

1. Simple reflex agents2. Model-based reflex agents3. Goal-based agents4. Utility-based agents5. Learning agents

Knowledge Discovery

• Knowledge discovery is a concept of the field of computer science that describes the process of automatically searching large volumes of data for patterns that can be considered knowledge about the data.

• Input data for knowledge discovery– Databases– Software mining– Text– Graphs– Sequences– Web

• Output formats for discovered knowledge.– Data model– Meta data– Knowledge representation– Knowledge tags– Knowledge discovery meta model– Resource description framework

Thank You !