Lesson planning

LESSON PLANNING

INTRODUCTION A careful planning of daily lessons are very

important for the teachers. Lesson Planning involves brief outlines of the main

point of the lesson. A good lesson plan indicates clearly what has been

done already in what direction, what the teacher is intended to do, what the peoples are to do, how the pupils are to be engaged in various activities, what activities are to be pursued, and the immediate activities which the students has to be taken up.

MEANING and DEFINITION LP is a plan by a teacher to teach a lesson in an

organized manner. It is a plan of action and calls for an understanding on the teacher’s part, about the students, knowledge and expertise about the topic being taught and her ability to use effective methods.

A plan prepared by a teacher to teach a lesson in an organized manner.

It is the core and heart of effective teaching, where the teachers mental and emotional visualization of the classroom experience as she plans it to occur.

PURPOSES Ensures the definite objective for the day’s work

and a clear visualization of that objectives. It keeps the teacher on the track to ensure steady

progress and a definite outcome of teaching and learning procedures.

Ensures selection, presentation of subject matter and interpretation.

Enables to choose and adopt effective method of teaching

PURPOSES Cont…. Helps to review the subject and gives up to date

knowledge. It helps to clarify the ideas. It encourages proper consideration of learning

process and learning procedures. It is the best technique to test the outcome of the

instruction. Continuity is assured and needless repetition is

avoided. Helps to reduce the teachers anxiety

PURPOSES Cont…. Helps the teacher to select and organize the

learning content. Provides guidelines for the teacher in teaching-

learning process. Enables the teacher to organize classroom

teaching activities by considering the individual differences of the students.

Facilitates the reasoning, imagination and decision making ability of the teacher.

PRINCIPLES Flexible LP LP should be used as guide rather than a rule of

thumb. Adequate knowledge and training in the topic. Teacher must be fully conversant with new

methods and techniques of teaching nursing. Organize the material in a psychological rather

than a logical fashion. Teacher must ensure students active

participations.

STEPS PREPARATION or INTRODUCTION PRESENTATION COMPARISON OR ASSOCIATION GENERALIZATIONS APPLICATION RECAPITULATION

PREPARATION or INTRODUCTION

Introduction must be brief and to the point. Explore the students previous knowledge level. Introducing the topic by testing the previous

knowledge of the student will arouse interest and curiosity.

PRESESNTATION State the aim of the lesson clearly before

beginning the class. W hen the teacher presented the topic in an

enthusiastic manner than the learner will be motivated and get interest to learn.

COMPARISON or ASSOCIATION Quote Examples and Associate Fact with

examples.

APPLICATION Students make use of the knowledge acquired in

and at the same time tests the validity of the generalizations arrived at the students.

To make the learning more permanent and worthwhile they must apply what they have learnt in theory in clinical field.

RECAPITULATION Ask suitable stimulating and pivotal questions to

the students on the topic. The answers will give feedback to the teacher

regarding the efficacy of the methods of teaching clarification etc.

PREREQUISITES FOR MAKING LP The Teacher Must Has Good knowledge about the students, interests, traits and

abilities. Mastery over the subject matter. Principles of teaching and learning. Awareness of individual differences among the students. The knowledge of the students about the topic what they

already possesses. Adequate training in the topic. Organization of the content in psychological and logical

fashion.

TYPES OF LP Knowledge Lesson (Herbartian

Lesson Plan) The Skill Lesson The Appreciation Lesson

Knowledge Lesson (Herbartian Lesson Plan)

Used for imarting knowledge in a systematic manner.

1 – Preparation 2 – Presentation

3 – Association or Comparison Generalization

Application Systematization or Recapitulation

Preparation It ensures a revision Assimilation and Identification of New Ideas.

Presentation Teacher will tell the new facts. Illustrate new procedures Liberty for the Learner to suggest solution for

the problems. For clear exposition various devises can be used

e.g. A.V. Aids, Demonstrations etc.

Association or Comparison The teacher helps the student to analyse the new

knowledge or experience and to compare and contrast it with the old , and to build new knowledge.

Generalisation The whole lesson is drawn together – A summary

is made., general rule is developed, integration and arranging in pattern is essential.

The goal of generalization is systematization, orderliness, and unification and the means hitherto for comparison and abstraction.

Systematization or Recapitulation

A revision or repetition of the knowledge learnt in the lesson.

THE SKILL LESSON To learn various skills is a human need. The use of muscles is not only good for the body

but also for the mind. ‘No Impression without Expression’ clearly

speaks the value of the skill.

TYPES OF SKILLS Mechanical Skill Manipulation Skill

STEPS FOR TEACHING SKILL Create Interests of Pupils Clear aim for every LP is essential Presentation Practice

THE APPRECIATION LESSON It aims to develop Aesthetic sense of the students. It enables the pupils to appreciate beauty

expressed in colour, form, sound or other excellence, especially art, science and literature.

STEPS PREPARTION – 1st task of the teacher is to provide

and repeat experiences from which the pupil derives emotional pleasure.

PRESENTATION – Teacher must make use of every device which will assist the vividness of appeal and enable the pupils to enjoy the lesson to the maximum.

Contemplation – Critical appreciation or Intellectual discussion is concerned that should be attempted at higher levels.

Application – Appreciation should seek an immediate application in the stimulus. It may provide for creative exercises.

PERFORMA FOR LPName of Teacher ClassSubject No: of StudentsUnit Date and TimeTopic of Lesson DurationMethods of Teaching VenueResourcesCentral ObjectiveSpecific Objectives

LESSON PLANTime Specific

ObjectivesConten

tTeachin

g Activity

Student

Activity

AV Aids

Evaluation

AssignmentsReferencesRemarks

Assignments References Remarks