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Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
Topic-Narration
Prepared by:Md. Masum Bellah ShazibContact-01721123773Email-shazib773n@gmail.comwww.facebook.com/SN.English.Center
Lecture#14
Welcome To
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�Narration-��� ����Direct narration -He said to me, “I am ill.”Indirect narration- He told me that he was ill.
� Direct narration- ��� ��� � Speech ����Reporting Speech-ReporterReported Speech-Information�He said to me, “I am ill.”
�Steps of Changing direct to indirect 1. Person change2. Tense change3. Some word change4. Sentence connection
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1. Person Change
Subjective form
Possessiveform
Objective form
I Mine Me
We Us Us
You Yours You
He His Him
She Her Her
They Their Them
It Its It
Others-male/female He/she/it Follow up
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1. Person Change Position of Subject
Sub.+ V+ Ob. � Reported speech-1st person + V+ Ob.
� Reporting speech---Sub+ V+ Ob.
RS-Headmaster said, “I am a good Teacher.”
RS-Headmaster said that he was a good teacher.
� Reported speech-2nd person + V+ Ob.
� Reporting speech---Sub+ V+ Ob.
RS-Headmaster said, “you are a good student.”
RS-Headmaster said that I was a good teacher.
� Subject 3rd person-No change
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1. Person Change Direct Narration Indirect Narration
He said to me, “I go to school.” He told me that he went to school.
He said to me, “You go to school.” He told me that I went to school.
He said, “He goes to school.” He told that he went to school.
We=human. No change person in indirect speech.
� The teacher said, “We are mortal.”
� The teacher said that we are mortal.
Have any ����� about persons change?
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2. Tense change ���� Reporting Speech-� verb, past tense-� �� ,
����� Reported Speech tense-������ ���। � ���� Reported Speech-� ��� ������ ��� �।
Reporting Speech-� verb past tenseDirect-He said to me, “I go to school.”Indirect-He told me that he went to school.
Reporting Speech-� verb present/Future tense1. Direct-He says to me, “I go to school.”
Indirect-He tells me that he goes to school.2. Direct-She will say, “I like you.”
Indirect-She will say that she likes me.
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2. Tense change Direct Narration Indirect Narration
Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
Present Continues Past Continues
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continues Past Perfect Continues
Past indefinite Past perfect
Past continues Past perfect continues
Must Must/ had to
Shall/will Should/ would
Have to/has to Had to
Be supposed to Was/were supposed to
Would/ could/ might/ used to/
had to/ ought to/ should/ had
better/ modals+have+V-3
No change
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2. Tense change
No change the tense Past perfect & Past perfect continues
Universal truth/ habitual fact/ geographical fact/ --present
indefinite
Have any ����� about tense change?
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3. Few words change Direct Narration Indirect Narration
Now Then
Ago Before
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The next day
Yesterday The previous day
Last night the previous night
Next week the following week
Here There
This That
These Those
Thus that way / so
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3. Few words change Direct Narration Indirect Narration
Come Go
Hence thence
Hither thither
So that is why
This day that day
Last month the previous month
Last year the previous year
Good morning wish good morning
Next month the flowing month
It that
But express dissatisfaction
The day after in two days time
The day before yesterday two days before
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4. Sentence connection
Types of Sentence 1. Assertive Sentence
2. Interrogative Sentence
3. Imperative Sentence
4. Optative Sentence
5. Exclamatory Sentence
Classify and identify these sentences
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1. Assertive Sentence
Direct Indirect
Said to told
Said said
Says to tells
Say tell
Inverted “-” that
To Change Person
To Change Tense
To change some word
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1. Assertive Sentence
Direct Narration Indirect Narration
She said to me, She told me
She said She said
She says to me She tells
They say They tell
“I am ill.” That
She said, “I am ill.” She said that she was ill.
She said, “I am ill.” She said that she was ill.
She said, “I am ill now.” She said that she was ill then.
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2. Interrogative Sentence
Direct Indirect
Said to Asked
Said asked
Says to asks
Say ask
Inverted “-” If/wh-word
To Change Person
To Change Tense
To change some word
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2. Interrogative Sentence Direct Narration Indirect Narration
She said to me, She asked me
She said She asked
She says to me She asks
They say They ask
“I am ill.” If/wh-word
She said, “Am I ill?” She asked if she was ill.
She said, “Am I ill?” She asked if she was ill.
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3. Imperative Sentence �Imperative Sentence ������ �� 1. Verb- Do the work.2. Let- Let him go there.
D/Id Start with Verb Start with let
Said/said to According to Meaning Proposed
“__” To/not to That
Persons Yes Yes
Tense No change Should+ V1
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3. Imperative Sentence ���� Imperative sentence, Verb-���� �� �� ����� �Said to-->According to sentence [Ordered/commanded +advised +proposed +requested +forbade +begged]���� Imperative sentence- Sir ���� ,�����-To/not to-� �! respectfully ����Inverted comma> to/not to� To Change Person� To change some word�There is no change according to tense
Example:He said to me, “Do the work.”He ordered me to do the work.
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3. Imperative Sentence ���� Imperative sentence Let-���� �� �� ������Said to-->Proposed�Inverted comma> to/not to�Let--->should�To Change Person� To change some word�There is no change according to tense���� Imperative sentence- Sir ���� ,�����-To/not to-� �! respectfully ���Example:Rani said to her friend, “let us have a visit on Saturday.” Rani proposed to her friend that they should have a visit on Saturday.
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3. Imperative Sentence �If start with would/could
Exam:He said to me, “would you help me to do the sum.”He requested me to help to do the sum.
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4. Optative Sentence
Direct IndirectSaid to prayed/wished
Inverted “-” that
To Change Person
To Change Tense
To change some wordDirect Narration Indirect Narration
I said, “May you be happy” I wished that he might be happy.
� [If have ‘God’ reported verb change by prayed]My mother said, “May God bless you.”My mother prayed that God might bless you.
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5. Exclamatory Sentence � Said to--->Hurrah! What/how--->Exclaimed with joyAlas--->exclaimed with sorrowExcited--->exclaimed with surprise.� By Allah/ by God--->swearing by Allah� Well done/ bravo--->applauded� Poor fellow--->pitied� Inverted comma--->that� Person change� Tense change� Some word change
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5. Exclamatory Sentence Examples:The boy said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”The boy Exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
He said to me, “Alas! I could not save you.”He exclaimed with sorrow that he could not save me.
He said, “What a nice bird it is.”He exclaimed with surprise that it was a very nice bird.
He said, “By God! What a good news.”He swearing by Allah that it was a very good news.
He said to them, “Well done! You have done well.”He applauded them saying that they had done well.
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5. Exclamatory Sentence �Good bye/ well come:�Said to > Bade/ wished + good by/ good morning�Inverted comma> thatHe said, “Good by friends.”He bade his friends’ good bye.
�What/ how> great/greatly, very, very muchHe said to me, “how happy you are!He said to me that I was very happy.
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R#01���� Direct Narration ��� ����� �"�# ���, �$���!���� ��%, &������� ��� '( �� ��%��� Indirect Narration- ��� Tense � ����) ������ ��� �He said, “Honesty is the best policy.”He said that honesty is the best policy.
R#02���� Reported speech- Modals verb ���� ����� ,
Indirect Narration- Modals verb-�� past form ����� ���He said, “I will come.”He said that he would come.
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R#03���� Reported speech-should/would/could/might/use
to/ought to etc. Then No change indirect speechNazmul said to me, “you should attend the party.”Nazmul told me that I should attend the party.
R#04 He said to them, “Friends, help me.”Addressing them as friend, he requested them to help him.
R#05 �Direct narration> Sir�Indirect narration> respectfully use before object.He said to his teacher, “Sir solves this problem.”He requested his teacher respectfully to solve that problem.
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R#06 �If started with--by Allah/ by god/ by job/ by my love/ by my life/cte, in direct narration.�Then with started, Swearing by Allah/ Swearing by god/ Swearing by job/ Swearing by love cte, in indirect narration.By Allah, “he replied , I will not fail in exam.”Swearing by Allah he replied that he would not fail in exam.
R#07 �Yes-->replied in the affirmative and said that�No-->replied in the negative and said that“Yes I have drawn a picture,” replied Emon.Emon replied in the affirmative and said that he had drawn a picture.
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R#08 �Direct narration-->hello/ hi�Indirect narration -->use ‘great’He said, “hello, Kamrul, whre are you going.”He greeted Kamrul and asked him where she was going.
R#09 �Direct narration-->good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening/ good night�Indirect narration --> ‘wish / wished’ useI said to him, “good morning.”I wished him good morning.
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R#10�Direct narration--“If I were you, I should/would….�Indirect narration--S +advice +O+to +V of reported speechI said to him, “If I were you, I should wait.”I advised him to wait.
R#11 �Thank you �Indirect narration> S +thank/thanked +O of reporting speech.He said to me, “Thank You.”He thanked me.
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