L#14=narration

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Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773

Topic-Narration

Prepared by:Md. Masum Bellah ShazibContact-01721123773Email-shazib773n@gmail.comwww.facebook.com/SN.English.Center

Lecture#14

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�Narration-�� Direct narration -He said to me, “I am ill.”Indirect narration- He told me that he was ill.

� Direct narration- �� Speech ��Reporting Speech-ReporterReported Speech-Information�He said to me, “I am ill.”

�Steps of Changing direct to indirect 1. Person change2. Tense change3. Some word change4. Sentence connection

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1. Person Change

Subjective form

Possessiveform

Objective form

I Mine Me

We Us Us

You Yours You

He His Him

She Her Her

They Their Them

It Its It

Others-male/female He/she/it Follow up

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1. Person Change Position of Subject

Sub.+ V+ Ob. � Reported speech-1st person + V+ Ob.

� Reporting speech---Sub+ V+ Ob.

RS-Headmaster said, “I am a good Teacher.”

RS-Headmaster said that he was a good teacher.

� Reported speech-2nd person + V+ Ob.

� Reporting speech---Sub+ V+ Ob.

RS-Headmaster said, “you are a good student.”

RS-Headmaster said that I was a good teacher.

� Subject 3rd person-No change

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1. Person Change Direct Narration Indirect Narration

He said to me, “I go to school.” He told me that he went to school.

He said to me, “You go to school.” He told me that I went to school.

He said, “He goes to school.” He told that he went to school.

We=human. No change person in indirect speech.

� The teacher said, “We are mortal.”

� The teacher said that we are mortal.

Have any �� about persons change?

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2. Tense change �� Reporting Speech-� verb, past tense-� �� ,

�� Reported Speech tense-�� । � �� Reported Speech-� �� ।

Reporting Speech-� verb past tenseDirect-He said to me, “I go to school.”Indirect-He told me that he went to school.

Reporting Speech-� verb present/Future tense1. Direct-He says to me, “I go to school.”

Indirect-He tells me that he goes to school.2. Direct-She will say, “I like you.”

Indirect-She will say that she likes me.

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2. Tense change Direct Narration Indirect Narration

Present Indefinite Past Indefinite

Present Continues Past Continues

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continues Past Perfect Continues

Past indefinite Past perfect

Past continues Past perfect continues

Must Must/ had to

Shall/will Should/ would

Have to/has to Had to

Be supposed to Was/were supposed to

Would/ could/ might/ used to/

had to/ ought to/ should/ had

better/ modals+have+V-3

No change

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2. Tense change

No change the tense Past perfect & Past perfect continues

Universal truth/ habitual fact/ geographical fact/ --present

indefinite

Have any �� about tense change?

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3. Few words change Direct Narration Indirect Narration

Now Then

Ago Before

Today That day

Tonight That night

Tomorrow The next day

Yesterday The previous day

Last night the previous night

Next week the following week

Here There

This That

These Those

Thus that way / so

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3. Few words change Direct Narration Indirect Narration

Come Go

Hence thence

Hither thither

So that is why

This day that day

Last month the previous month

Last year the previous year

Good morning wish good morning

Next month the flowing month

It that

But express dissatisfaction

The day after in two days time

The day before yesterday two days before

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4. Sentence connection

Types of Sentence 1. Assertive Sentence

2. Interrogative Sentence

3. Imperative Sentence

4. Optative Sentence

5. Exclamatory Sentence

Classify and identify these sentences

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1. Assertive Sentence

Direct Indirect

Said to told

Said said

Says to tells

Say tell

Inverted “-” that

To Change Person

To Change Tense

To change some word

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1. Assertive Sentence

Direct Narration Indirect Narration

She said to me, She told me

She said She said

She says to me She tells

They say They tell

“I am ill.” That

She said, “I am ill.” She said that she was ill.

She said, “I am ill.” She said that she was ill.

She said, “I am ill now.” She said that she was ill then.

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2. Interrogative Sentence

Direct Indirect

Said to Asked

Said asked

Says to asks

Say ask

Inverted “-” If/wh-word

To Change Person

To Change Tense

To change some word

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2. Interrogative Sentence Direct Narration Indirect Narration

She said to me, She asked me

She said She asked

She says to me She asks

They say They ask

“I am ill.” If/wh-word

She said, “Am I ill?” She asked if she was ill.

She said, “Am I ill?” She asked if she was ill.

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3. Imperative Sentence �Imperative Sentence �� 1. Verb- Do the work.2. Let- Let him go there.

D/Id Start with Verb Start with let

Said/said to According to Meaning Proposed

“__” To/not to That

Persons Yes Yes

Tense No change Should+ V1

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3. Imperative Sentence �� Imperative sentence, Verb-�� Said to-->According to sentence [Ordered/commanded +advised +proposed +requested +forbade +begged]�� Imperative sentence- Sir �� ,��-To/not to-� �! respectfully ��Inverted comma> to/not to� To Change Person� To change some word�There is no change according to tense

Example:He said to me, “Do the work.”He ordered me to do the work.

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3. Imperative Sentence �� Imperative sentence Let-�� Said to-->Proposed�Inverted comma> to/not to�Let--->should�To Change Person� To change some word�There is no change according to tense�� Imperative sentence- Sir �� ,��-To/not to-� �! respectfully ��Example:Rani said to her friend, “let us have a visit on Saturday.” Rani proposed to her friend that they should have a visit on Saturday.

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3. Imperative Sentence �If start with would/could

Exam:He said to me, “would you help me to do the sum.”He requested me to help to do the sum.

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4. Optative Sentence

Direct IndirectSaid to prayed/wished

Inverted “-” that

To Change Person

To Change Tense

To change some wordDirect Narration Indirect Narration

I said, “May you be happy” I wished that he might be happy.

� [If have ‘God’ reported verb change by prayed]My mother said, “May God bless you.”My mother prayed that God might bless you.

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5. Exclamatory Sentence � Said to--->Hurrah! What/how--->Exclaimed with joyAlas--->exclaimed with sorrowExcited--->exclaimed with surprise.� By Allah/ by God--->swearing by Allah� Well done/ bravo--->applauded� Poor fellow--->pitied� Inverted comma--->that� Person change� Tense change� Some word change

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5. Exclamatory Sentence Examples:The boy said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”The boy Exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

He said to me, “Alas! I could not save you.”He exclaimed with sorrow that he could not save me.

He said, “What a nice bird it is.”He exclaimed with surprise that it was a very nice bird.

He said, “By God! What a good news.”He swearing by Allah that it was a very good news.

He said to them, “Well done! You have done well.”He applauded them saying that they had done well.

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5. Exclamatory Sentence �Good bye/ well come:�Said to > Bade/ wished + good by/ good morning�Inverted comma> thatHe said, “Good by friends.”He bade his friends’ good bye.

�What/ how> great/greatly, very, very muchHe said to me, “how happy you are!He said to me that I was very happy.

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R#01�� Direct Narration �� "�# ��, �$��!�� %, &�� '( �� %�� Indirect Narration- �� Tense � ��) �� He said, “Honesty is the best policy.”He said that honesty is the best policy.

R#02�� Reported speech- Modals verb �� ,

Indirect Narration- Modals verb-�� past form �� He said, “I will come.”He said that he would come.

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R#03�� Reported speech-should/would/could/might/use

to/ought to etc. Then No change indirect speechNazmul said to me, “you should attend the party.”Nazmul told me that I should attend the party.

R#04 He said to them, “Friends, help me.”Addressing them as friend, he requested them to help him.

R#05 �Direct narration> Sir�Indirect narration> respectfully use before object.He said to his teacher, “Sir solves this problem.”He requested his teacher respectfully to solve that problem.

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R#06 �If started with--by Allah/ by god/ by job/ by my love/ by my life/cte, in direct narration.�Then with started, Swearing by Allah/ Swearing by god/ Swearing by job/ Swearing by love cte, in indirect narration.By Allah, “he replied , I will not fail in exam.”Swearing by Allah he replied that he would not fail in exam.

R#07 �Yes-->replied in the affirmative and said that�No-->replied in the negative and said that“Yes I have drawn a picture,” replied Emon.Emon replied in the affirmative and said that he had drawn a picture.

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R#08 �Direct narration-->hello/ hi�Indirect narration -->use ‘great’He said, “hello, Kamrul, whre are you going.”He greeted Kamrul and asked him where she was going.

R#09 �Direct narration-->good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening/ good night�Indirect narration --> ‘wish / wished’ useI said to him, “good morning.”I wished him good morning.

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R#10�Direct narration--“If I were you, I should/would….�Indirect narration--S +advice +O+to +V of reported speechI said to him, “If I were you, I should wait.”I advised him to wait.

R#11 �Thank you �Indirect narration> S +thank/thanked +O of reporting speech.He said to me, “Thank You.”He thanked me.

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28Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773

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L#14=narration