Historical background (foundations of education)

Foundations of Education

Ms. Betty A. CapinpinMr. Mark L. Laylo

PrayerHeavenly Father,Remind us each day,That of all the gifts You have given to us,The greatest of these is Love.Open our hearts not only to those who are close to us,but, to all that we might meet on The Way.Let us forget to judge and remember to forgive,And, help us to show the same patience and empathy You have shown to us, For it is the angry and unloved that cry the loudest. Lord, heal our wounds and bless this work we offer in Your Name,Glory be…Amen.

Objectives:• Identify the different developments and movements of education.• Describe each development/movement and make inferences about it.• Show appreciation and respect to the developments and movements of education.

Review1. How education started?

*theory of creation*theory of evolution

2. What are the kinds of education?*formal*non-formal*informal

Lesson 1: Educational Contributions of some Ancient Civilization• JEWISH- religious education Contributions: 1. Synagogues-temple school

2. Bible and the Talmud

3. Rabbis- teachers/priests

• CHINESE- career oriented education Contributions: 1. Analects of Confucius

2. Civil Service Examinationa. Flowering talent- whole day

examb. Promoted man- three-day examc. Entered scholar/fit for office-

13 days exam, and those who passed became the ministers of the emperors

• EGYPTIAN- practical and empirical education Contributions: 1. Hieroglyphics- picture-writing system 2. Papyrus- ancient paper 3. Mathematics- value of pi = 3.16 4. Engineering/ Architecture 5. Geometry 6. Astronomy 7. Medicine

PYRAMIDS PAPYRUS

Hieroglyphic MUMMIFICATION

GREEK- liberal and democratic education Contributions: 1. Olympic games

*part of a religious festival*to honor Zeus

2. Mythology- the study of myths*myth- a traditional story

accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

3. Democracy4. Philosophy

The Greek City StatesSparta Athens

• authoritarian• military city- state• communal• military academy

• liberal• freedom of thoughts, expression and religion• education was a family responsibility• every male child has a tutor

The Greek ThinkersKnowledge is virtue and all virtues are based on knowledge. Socratic Dialectic: 1.) Ironic (destructive) element 2.)Maieutic (constructive) element

Society should be divided into classes of people based on their talents and intelligence.Education should be determined by their social class which composed of (a) philosophical (b) warrior (c ) artisan /industrial

He believed that virtue is brought by doing not by knowing.Man is a social animal and must use his reason to attain the Supreme Good.Man is composed of body and soul.

The Greek Universities

University of Athens University of Alexandria

• ROMAN- pragmatic and progressive education Contributions: A. The Roman Schools

*Elementary- school of litterator*Secondary- school of

Grammaticus*Higher Education- rhetorical

school

B. The Roman Emperors*Vespasian(Roman University and

Library)*Trajahn (scholarship)

• *Hadrian (pension for retired teachers)

*Antoninus Pius (exemption of teachers

from taxation)*Constantine *Julian (licensure exam for

teachers)* Gratian (salary scale for

teachers)*Theodosius (establishment of

private schools)

Educational Practices of Jesus Christ

Teaching Methods1. Parable2. Conversational3. Proverbial or Gnomic

Ancient Civilizations

Educational Contributions

JEWISH Religious education

CHINESE Career oriented education

EGYPTIANPractical and empirical education

GREEKLiberal and democratic education

ROMANPragmatic and progressive education

Lesson 2: The Different Movements in Education

Early Christian Education Christian Schools:

a. Catechumenal- school for new convertsb. Catechetical- school for leadership trainingc. Cathedral/Episcopalian- school for the clergy

Monasticisma. religious in nature

b. educational discipline was rigid and punishment was severe

c. education was based on Monastic Vows of poverty, chastity and obedience

Scholasticism a. education was a form of intellectual discipline

b. the purpose was to defend faith by means of practical reasoning and support theology

by using logic

The Rise of the Medieval UniversitiesComponents:a. Stadium Generale- the student bodyb. Nation- a group of students who had the same

place of originc. Councilors- leaders of a nationd. Facultas- teachers of the same subjecte. Dean- head of the facultasf. Rector- head of the medieval university

Chivalry Stages:

a. Pageb. Squirec. Knight

The Guild System Types:

a. Craft guildb. Merchant guild

Stages:a. Apprenticeb. Journeymanc. Master craftsman

Types of school:a. Chantry schoolsb. Guild schoolsc. Burgher schools

Islamic Influences on Education Contributions:

a. established the most complete curricula from elementary to university

b. Hindu- Arabic numericalc. Advanced learning in Pharmacy, Surgery and Medicine for

the preservation of lifed. taught Geography using globese. invented the pendulum clock, discovered the nitric acid and

sulfuric acidf. used compass, gunpowderg. cultivated rice, silkworm, sugar and cottonh. determined the height of the atmosphere, weight of the air

and specific gravity of bodies

Renaissance• “renaister”-meaning to be born again• revival of ancient learning

Humanism• oppressive and demanding• types:

1. Italian Humanism2. Northern Humanism

Reformation• caused by the massive corruption in the Roman Catholic Church

Catholic Counter-Reformation• response to the protests of the

“Reformers”• different congregations:

1. Jesuit Order ( Society of Jesus )2. Little School of Port Royale3. Institute of the Brethren of

Christian Schools

Realism• education should be concerned with the qualities of life and prepare for its concrete duties

Proponents:1. John Milton2. Francois Rabelais3. Michael de Montaigne4. John Amos Comenius5. Francis Bacon6. Richard Mulcaster7. Wolgang Ratke

Disciplinism• education is based on discipline

Naturalism• education should be in accordance with the nature of the child• education should be focused towards the natural development of all the innate talents and abilities of the child

Psychological Movement in Education• this refers to the application of basic

psychological principles like individual differences, motivation, transfer of learning to the educative process

• educators:1. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi2. Johann Friedriech Herbart3. Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel

Thank you.