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Strengthening Rice Breeding Program in Mekong Region
Theerayut Toojinda Jonaliza Lanceras-Siangliw
GCP General Research Meeting Hyderabad, India Sept. 21-25, 2011
Rice Planting Area in Mekong Region
Rice Planting Area (million
ha) Thailand Myanmar Laos Cambodia
Irrigated 1.84 1.62 0.07 0.20
Rainfed Lowland
7.36 3.89 0.49 2.15
Rainfed Upland
0.01 1.46 0.10 0.05
Submergence prone
0.18 1.13 0.00 0.10
Total 9.20 8.10 0.66 2.50
Major Constraints in Rice Production in the Mekong Region
Submergence : In 2006 0.8 million ha were flooded (500 million $)
Brown plant hopper : In 2010, BPH caused the yield loss up to 1.1 million tons (350 million $)
Drought :In 2004, more than 1.2 million ha of the rice production areas were hit by drought causing the yield loss for 1.83 million ton (370 million $)
Blast : In 2007, blast disease infected rainfed lowland rice causing the yield loss 50-85 %.
Goals of Mekong Region in Rice Improvement
Improve grain eating and cooking quality
Stabilize yield of Mekong mega varieties by improving resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses
Strengthen human resource in the region by applying MAS biotechnology in rice breeding
Improve phenotyping facilities in rice breeding
Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research Hub
Genetic Information QTL/Gene Information
Blast
BLB
Bph
Submergence
Salinity
Drought
Rice Quality
Marker Technology
SSR
SNP
Microarray
Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research Hub Genotyping Capacity
Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research Hub Phenotyping Capacity
Green house
Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS
Funding Agency: Rockefeller Foundation, BIOTEC, Kasetsart University
Duration: 2004 – 2006
Objectives:
Transfer DNA technology and genomic information from RGDU to breeding institutes in the region
Improvement of traditional cultivars by using MAS
Enhance research collaboration between/among institutes in countries in Mekong region
DAR – Manawthukha (HY) + aroma and intermediate AC - Sin Thwe Latt (HY) + salinity tolerance NAFRI – Thaddokham 1 (HY) + aroma and low GT CARDI – CAR3 (DT) + aroma and low GT THAILAND – IR57514 (DT, Sub) + aroma and low AC - RD6 (quality) + blast resistance - Chainat1 (HY) + bph resistance
Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS
First workshop – June 2004 Second workshop – January 2005 Third workshop – June 2005 Fourth workshop – January 2006
Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain
Quality Improvement”
Funding Agencies: Generation Challenge Program; BIOTEC
Duration: 2007 – 2009
Objectives:
Continuation of line conversion using MAS
Validation of introgression lines for target trait performance, yield and agronomic characters
Workshop on QTL and marker-assisted selection for plant breeding
Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement”
First workshop – May 2007 Second workshop – November 2007 Third workshop – May 2008 Fourth workshop – April 2009
Knowledge and Technology Transfer - Workshop On Site
CARDI
June 19-20, 2007
DAR
August 20-21, 2007
NAFRI
July 3-4, 2007
Video of lab protocols for MAS
Aromatic CAR3 CAR3
Half kilo of aromatic CAR3 was distributed to 6 farmers for wet season 2011 farmers’ field trials.
Savannakhet Province Champasak Province
Aromatic Thadokkam1
12 ha. Aungzeya, Nay Pyi Taw
Pyiamana, Nay Pyi Taw
Latpadan
Kyaukse
Aromatic MNT
SalTol STL
SalTol STL Kyaukse
Aromatic MNT SalTol STL
Aromatic IR57514
Sagaing Mandalay Yangon Bago (East) Ayeyarwaddy Rakh ine AVG Range
1 Yn3018-183-1-3-2 4.01 5.23 3.88 4.05 2.90 4.76 4.14 2
2 Yn2684-2-5-1-2-1 4.31 5.48 3.43 3.60 2.81 4.03 3.94 5
3 Yn2744-49-383-2-3 4.19 5.05 4.12 3.21 3.45 3.75 3.96 4
4 Yn3248-MAS-BC4F2-1124.41 5.38 3.49 3.62 5.42 3.34 4.28 1
5 Manawthukha 4.51 4.52 4.26 4.05 4.81 2.38 4.09 3
Mean Yield 4.26 5.13 3.84 3.70 3.88 3.65 4.08
Sr. no. EntriesGrain yield (Ton/ha)
Yield performance on different locations
Maturity Days - 137
Plant Height (cm) - 103-117
Productive tillers - 9 - 11
Total grains / panicle - 90 - 117
Fill grain (%) - 88 – 95
1000 grain weight (gm) - 21.4
Yield (Bsk/ac) - 83 - 106
Group - (B)
Milling (%) - 54
Amylose content (%) - 25.8
Eating quality - good
Grain quality - Trans;
Distinct character - smell
Adapted locations -Both of Irrigated and Rainfed lowland
Yn 3248-BC4F2-112
Yield performance of On- Farm trials(2010 WS)
No Entry Name
Yield (tha-1) Mean (tha-1)
Mandalay Ayeyar
waddy
Taninthari
1 Yn 3220MAS 108-2-3-1 2.5 3.9 2.8 3.1
2 Yn 3220MAS 77-2-9-2 2.5 4.1 3.8 3.5
3 Yn 3220MAS 62-2-4 1.7 3.9 2.6 2.7
4 Yn 3220MAS 76-4-1 3.5 4.5 2.5 3.5
5 Sin Thwe Latt 2.6 3.8 2.9 3.1
Mean 2.6 4.0 2.9
Maturity Days - 150
Plant Height (cm) - 93.8
Productive tillers - 5 - 7
Total grains / panicle - 126
Fill grain (%) - 74
1000 grain weight (gm) - 32
Yield (tha-1) - 4.0 -4.5
Varietal Group - Emata
Milling (%) - 51.3
Amylose content (%) - 20.7
Eating quality - good
Grain quality - Translucence, wb
Distinct character - tolerance to EC 6 dS/m
Adapted locations -Costal and Inland salinity areas
Yn 3220-MAS-76-4-1
Ms. Myint Yi (DAR)
Mr. Then Rathmuny (CARDI)
Phase IIIa: Strengthening Human Resource in Mekong Region: Community of Practice for Rice
Breeding with Emphasis on MAS Funding Agency: BIOTEC, Kasetsart University,
Rajamongkol University of Technology Lanna, Ubon Ratchatani University
Duration: 2009 – 2013
Objectives:
Develop human resource by providing scholarship to staffs of DAR, NAFRI, CARDI and UBU by improving popular rice variety using MAS
Rice Breeding Program of NAFRI (Laos) and CARDI (Cambodia)
Season
2010 WS
2011 WS
2012 DS
x
MAS
Aromatic TDK1 with
Sub
IR85264-34-141 (Sub, Xa21, BL)
X
Aromatic TDK1
X 10 F1
1500 F2
F3 Plant type selection Screening for blast and submergence
tolerance
Aromatic TDK1
TDK1 (Sub) X 2010 DS
Season
2010 WS
2011 DS
2011 WS
x
Aromatic CAR3
IR64 (Sub) X
Aromatic CAR3
X 10 F1
BC1F1
Screen Sub
BC1F2 X
BC2F2
Screen Sub and Bph
x F1
F2
Select plant type
2012 DS BPH
donor X
x
F3
2012 WS
2013 DS
Rice Breeding Program of DAR, Myanmar
Season
2009 WS
2010DS
2010 WS
2011DS
2011WS
2012DS
x
x
MAS
Aromatic MNT (BC4F4-75)
RGD07097-1-8M-9KPS (xa5, Xa21, xa33)
X
Aromatic MNT
X 5 F1
92 BC1F1
Aromatic MNT
X 5 selected BC1F1
311 BC2F1 MAS
Aromatic MNT
X 7 selected BC2F1
171 BC3F1 MAS
1000 BC3F2 Plant type selection
and MAS
BC3F3 Screening for BB with
Thai and Myanmar isolates
Season
2012 WS
2012 DS
2010 WS
2011 DS
2011 WS
2012 DS
x
x
MAS
SalTol STL IR57514 (Sub, Xa21)
X
SalTol STL X 11 F1
298 BC1F1
SalTol STL X 6 selected BC1F1
BC2F1 MAS
SalTol STL X selected BC2F1
BC3F1 MAS
BC3
F2
Plant type selection and MAS
BC3F3 Screening for salinity and submergence tolerance
2013 WS
2013 DS
Rice Breeding Program of DAR, Myanmar Season
2009 WS
2010DS
2010 WS
2011DS
2011WS
2012DS
MAS
Paw San Mhwe (Aromatic)
IR 57514-333, -309 (Sub, aroma, Xa21)
X
PSM X 38 F1
279 BC1F1
PSM X 15 selected BC1F1
BC2F1 MAS
BC2F2
BC2F3 Screening and seed increase
BC2F4 Observation
Yield trial
x
MAS and plant type selection
x
x
2012WS
Rice Breeding Program of Thailand
KD571-77 x IR57514
F1 x IR57514
BC1F1 x IR57514
BC2F1
BC3F1
MAS
BC3F1
UBN
MAS
BC3F2
BC3F3
Field Testing of BC3F4 in RGDU
MAS Nov. 2007
May. 2008
Oct. 2008-
2009
May. 2007
MAS
MAS
Submergence screening
Grain quality test
RF, BIOTEC, KU 2004-2006
GCP, BIOTEC 2007-2009
Multi-location trials and
farmers’ participation in
selection
BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL, KU, UBU, RGDU
2009-2013
BC3F4-aromatic IR57514 x RD6
Glutinous Aromatic IR57514
BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL, KU, UBU, RGDU
2009-2013
Phase IIIb: The Community of Practice “Strengthening Rice Breeding Program using Genotyping Building Strategy and
Improving Phenotyping Capacity for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Mekong Region”
Funding Agency: GCP, BIOTEC
Duration: 2009 – 2012
Objectives: Build phenotyping facilities for abiotic and biotic traits
in DAR, NAFRI and CARDI
Validate and standardize phenotyping protocol that fits the condition in each country
Conduct phenotyping workshop
Asses trait performance through field trials under research farm and farmer’s field conditions
Facilities for Trait Phenotyping
Greenhouse for BB screening and submergence ponds in DAR
Submergence ponds and BPH facilities in CARDI
Submergence ponds and greenhouse for blast screening in NAFRI
Knowledge and Technology Transfer - Workshop On Site
Video of phenotyping protocols
1. Experimental designs and analysis 2. Screening techniques
Acknowledgement
U Khin Soe Tin Tin Myint Khin Myo Win
Thida Kyaw Swar Oo
Bounthoung Bouahom Phoumi Ithapanya
Kongpanh Kanyavong Phetmanyseng Xangsayasane
Phatsalakhone Manivong
Ouk Makara Sakhan Sophany
Ouk Sothea
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