Flowcharts

Flowcharts

Mukesh N. TekwaniIsmail Yusuf College of Arts, Science and Commerce,Jogeshwari (East),Mumbai

tekwani@email.com

Presented at the One Day Workshop Organized by K.P.B. Hinduja College of Commerce, University of Mumbai on the

Semester-wise split T.Y.B.Com and S.Y.B.Com Computer papers on

July 20, 2013

April 12, 2023

What is a Flowchart?What is a flowchart?

◦Graphical or pictorial representation of an algorithm or problem solving process

Flow?◦Indicates the flow of logic, or sequence

of steps. ◦There is a ‘before’ step and an ‘after’

step◦Flow control is needed because

programs are not linear or top-to-down

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Why flowchart is useful?

A picture is worth a thousand words

Help in understanding complicated logic

Language-independent and so easy to

write program in various languages

Good tool for documentation

◦ Verbose syntax of certain languages is difficult

to understand; flowchart eliminates the need

to know syntax to understand the logic

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What can a Flowchart Represent?Sequential statements – assignment,

calculations, input & output

Branching or Selection Statements – if-

then, if-then-else: using Decision Symbol

Looping Statements – for, while loops

Switch-Case statement (successive

decision symbols)

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Symbols used in Flowcharts

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Guidelines in Drawing a FlowchartLogical sequence

Standard symbols

Direction of flow top-to-down

◦To jump to a step further down, go

from right

◦To jump to a step above the current

step, go from left

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Guidelines in Drawing a FlowchartOnly one flow line should enter a decision

symbol

More than one flow line may leave a

symbol

Only one flow line used with Stop symbol

Use connector symbol to breakup a

complex flowchart

A flowchart must end with the Stop

statementMukesh N. Tekwani 7

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Flowchart of ‘while’ loop

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Flowchart of ‘for’ loop

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Flowchart of ‘if’ statement

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Flowchart of ‘if-else’ statement

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Flowchart of ‘switch-case’ statement

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Sum of Two Numbers

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START

INPUT X, Y

Is X > Y ?

BIG = X

Yes

PRINT BIG

BIG = Y

STOP

No

Larger Of Two Numbers

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Factorial of a Number

Yes

START

Read N

F = 1M = 1

IsM = N?

F = F * M

Print F

NoM = M + 1

STOP

Assume:N no. whose factorial is required

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Multiplication Table of a

number

input by user Mukesh N. Tekwani 16

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Flowchart – Find the Largest of Three Numbers

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Limitations of FlowchartsComplex – for lengthy algorithms,

flowchart can be very large difficult to

follow

Time-consuming – drawing complex

flowcharts can be very time-consuming

Modification – difficult to modify; redraw

entire flowchart

Update – program update is easier; not so

for flowcharts redraw flowchart !Mukesh N. Tekwani 18

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ExerciseDesign an algorithm and the

corresponding flowchart for finding the sum of the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, …, n

Draw a flowchart to read 100 numbers and then display the sum

Draw a flowchart to display all odd numbers between 0 and 1000

Draw a flowchart to find the sum of first 10 natural numbers and then display the sum

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SuggestionsAlgorithm Flowchart Program

Use programs in C language to

develop questions on Algorithms

and Flowcharts

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THANK YOU

STOP

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