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Elements of an Argument
How can I change the ways that
other people think?
Class Brainstorm
• Can you change someone’s mind?
• Should you have the power to change someone’s mind?
• How do you change someone’s mind?
• How do other people change your mind?
Class Brainstorm
• What are some things people do to change your mind that work?
• What are some things people do to change your mind that you do not like or do not work?
5
12 Angry Men Clip• http://movieclips.com/5npA-twelve-angry-men-movie-its-the-same-knife/
5
What do you think of when you hear these
words?
Claim
Evidence
Reasoning
Claims, Evidence, and Reasoning
= Elements of an Argument
Claim (noun)
To assert in the face of possible
contradiction.
Evidence(noun)
Something that furnishes proof.
Reasoning(noun)
A statement offered in explanation or
justification, connecting the proof
to the claim.
Scientific Reasoning
• Claim – The sun is hot.• Evidence – My skin feels warm.• Reasoning – My skin became warmer when the sun came up.
Social Reasoning
• Claim – My mom is mad.• Evidence – She is frowning.• Reasoning – She was frowning yesterday when she said, “I am mad.”
Political Reasoning
• Claim – Japan should join our international organization.• Evidence – Japan needs to
increase food supply.• Reasoning – Countries in our
organization will send food to other countries.
Create a C-E-R Chain…
• Your Claim – Something you think is true.• Your Evidence – What made you think it was true?• Your Reasoning – What about the evidence convinced you?
Mixed-Pair-Share
• Get out of your seats and share you C-E-R with someone who you have not talked to today.
C-E-R Reflection
• What was the most difficult part of this exercise? Why?
• Would this be a useful thing to know how to do? Why or why not?
• Why might this be a better way to present an argument?
• What happens if you try to present an argument without using C-E-R?
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