View
768
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
HERITAGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYDepartment - CIVIL
Presented by- Abhijit Pal
TOPIC - DAM
OUTLINEWhat is a DamStructure of Dam Purposes of DamSelection of Dam sitesClassification of Dam
On structure Dam failureDisadvantages of DamsConclusionBibliography
WHAT IS A DAMA Dam is an
obstruction or barrier built across a steam or river
It is a structure built to retain water
STRUCTURE OF DAM Heel- contact
with the ground on the upstream side
Toe– contact on the downstream side
Sluiceway- An opening in the dam near the ground level, which is used to clear the silt accumulation in the reservoir side
STRUCTURE OF DAMSpillway– It is the
arrangement near the top to release the excess water of the reservoir to downstream side
Gallery- Small rooms like structure left within the dam for checking operations
Abutment- Sides of the valley on which the structure of the dam rest
PURPOSES OF DAMWater supply- Dams gather drinking water for
peopleFlood control- Dams keep areas from floodingIrrigation- Dams help farmers bring water to their
farmsHydroelectric- Dams help create power and
electricity from waterNavigation- Dams create lakes for people to sail
on from one part to anotherRecreation- Dams can be used for swimming
PURPOSES OF DAM
SELECTION OF DAM SITESTopographyGeologyMaterial availability Spillway size and locationCommunication Locality land and population
CLASSIFICATION OF DAMON STRUCTURE
Arch DamGravity DamButtress DamEmbankment
Dam
ARCH DAMAn Arch Dam is a curved
dam built where access to materials is limited
Ex- Idukki Dam in KeralaArch Dams are thinner
and therefore require less material than any other type of dam
These are dependent upon arch action for its strength
ARC DAM
GRAVITY DAMGravity Dams resist
the horizontal thrust of the water entirely by their own weight
Ex- Dworshak Dam in Idaho
Gravity Dams are typically used to block streams through narrow gorges
GRAVITY DAM
BUTTRESS DAM• Buttress Dams are
dams in which the face is held up by a series of supports
• Ex- Bartlett Dam in Arizona
• Most Buttress Dams are made of reinforced concrete and are heavy, pushing the dam into the ground
BUTTRESS DAM
EMBANKMENT DAMEmbankment Dams
are massive dams made of earth or rock
Ex- Tataragi Dam in Japan
Typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex mound of various compositions of soil, sand, clay and/or rock
EMBANKMENT DAM
DAM FAILUREFaults in construction
methods eg-Teton Dam in Idaho, USA in 1976
Geological problems with the dam foundation eg- St.Francis dam
Landslides which fall into the storage reservoir eg- Vaiont Dam in Italy in 1963
DAM FAILUREEarthquakes can
certainly cause damage to dams eg-Lower San Fernando Dam
Dangerous alterations to the operation of the dam and/or its structure may lead to failure eg- South Fork Dam (Johnstown) in 1889
DISADVANTAGES OF DAMS
The natural environment is destroyed
The building of large dams can cause serious geological damage
Dams have endangered some species of fish, inhibited the seasonal migration of fish
Displaces people
CONCLUSIONDams support 30%-40% of the irrigated area
and 12%-16% of the global food productionThus dams can be a source of huge profit
both in terms of fresh water resource and generation of electric power
Therefore construction of dams should be made keeping in mind its long terms of service
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Engineering Geology by Parbin Singhwww.dams.comwww.google.com/dams
Recommended