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01
ILLINOIS 4th DISTRICT
What we want districts to look likehttp://youtu.be/U6DyZF--0ao
What we don't want districts to look likehttp://youtu.be/CrVE-WQBcYQ
What’s the Difference Between Expressed and Implied?Expressed Powers Implied Powers• Expressed means that they are
explicitly written in the Constitution, giving Congress the direct power to regulate those areas
• Implied means that they are powers taken by Congress through reasonable deduction from the expressed powers
• The “Necessary and Proper” Clause
“The Necessary and Proper Clause”• “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.”
• Article I, Section 8, Clause 18
The power to lay and collect taxes
Expressed Implied• “To lay and collect Taxes, Duties,
Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States…”
• Congress is the only body in the Fed. Gov’t to decide how to tax us
• Punish Tax Evaders
• Regulate certain things (alcohol) and outlaw others (narcotics)
• Require states to meet certain conditions to get federal funding
The Power to Regulate Interstate Commerce
Expressed implied• “to regulate Commerce with foreign
Nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian Tribes”
• The Congress can make laws regulating domestic and foreign trade
• Cannot favor one state over another
• Establish a minimum wage
• Ban discrimination in workplaces and public facilities
• Pass laws protecting the disabled
• Regulate Banking
The Power to Borrow Money
Expressed Implied• “to borrow money on the credit
of the United States”
• No limit on how much we can borrow
• No limitations on the reasons for borrowing
• The power to establish the Federal Reserve System of Banks
The Power to Raise an Army and Navy
Expressed implied• Congress alone has the power to
raise and support an Army and Navy
• Make rules governing our military
• Declare War
• The power to draft Americans into the military
• Highly controversial, but upheld by Supreme Court in 1917
The Power to Create Naturalization Laws
Expressed Implied• “To establish an uniform Rule of
Naturalization.”
• Congress set up the process for immigrants becoming citizens
• The power to regulate and limit immigration
• Quotas are placed on the number of people that can immigrate here every year
The Power to Establish Post Offices
Expressed Implied• “to establish Post Offices and Post
roads”
• Provides for the carrying of the mail
• “Post Roads” include rail lines, airways, and waters in US while mail is travelling on them
• Prohibit mail fraud and obstruction of the mail
• Bar the shipping of certain items through the mail
29
Congress• Most important job of congress is to __________ laws
• 6,845 bills introduced during 112th congress
• 561 passed into law
Step one - Introduction• House of Representatives -
• A bill idea may be introduced by any citizen but only a member of the House may propose legislation. (hopper)
Step One proposal/Intro
• Bill is introduced by a member of the House of Representatives.
• Bill is read in the House
Step Two committee action• Bill is given a number committee chair and
assigned to a committee/subcomittee by parliamentarian to begin the legislation process.
• (H.F. - and the number it was received in)
• Can be sent to subcommittee
Il peut mourir
Il peut mourir
Step two committee action• The committee has three options:• 1) Kill the bill
• 2) Pigeonhole the bill (Most common)
• 3) Send the bill onto the full House for consideration
Il peut mourir
Step three Floor debate• Bill is debated on the House Floor. Then the
House can either:
• A) defeat the bill • B) pass the bill
• Voting done 3 ways • 1. Voice vote aye/no• 2. Standing vote• 3. Roll call yea, nay, present
Il peut mourir
Step 5 conference committee• If there are differences in the two versions
of the bill, the bill must go back to conference committee for revisions. then sent back to both houses for vote
Il peut mourir
Step Five conference committee• The House and senate version of the bill sent
to a Conference Committee to revise and vote on the bill
Il peut mourir
Step Six President• The approved bill is sent to the president:
• he can do 4 things
• A) The President signs the bill and it becomes law.
• B) The President does not sign the bill and Congress is in session for 10 days and the bill automatically becomes law.
OR• C) The President vetoes the bill thereby
killing the bill process.
• D) The President does not sign the bill and Congress is adjourned for 10 days and bill is automatically vetoed and thus, it is dead. (Pocket Veto)
Il peut mourir
Il peut mourir
If the bill is vetoed, the two chambers have three options:
• A) Change the bill. To what the president wants so he does not veto
• B) Forget about the bill, put in back into the hopper, and try again later or next session.
• C) Attempt an Override of the President’s Veto.2/3 congress vote
Il peut mourir
• However, any override must have at least a two-thirds majority to be successful.
• Not very common because of overwhelming majority
How a Bill Becomes a Law• Irene – Introduction• Can – Committee• Friend – Full House (or Senate)• Really – Repeat• Conspicuous – Conference Committee• People – President
House-Senate Differences
House• 435 members; 2 yr terms• Low turnover• Speaker bill referral hard
to challenge• Scheduling/rules
controlled by majority party with powerful Rules Committee (controls time of debate, amends., etc)
Senate• 100 members; 6 yr terms• Moderate turnover• Referral decisions easily
challenged• Scheduling/rules agreed to
by majority & minority leaders
House-Senate Differences
House• Debate limited to 1 hour• Members policy
specialists• Emphasizes tax &
revenue policy• More formal &
impersonal
Senate• Unlimited debate unless
cloture invoked• Members policy
generalists• Emphasizes foreign policy• More informal & personal
HOUSE LEADERSHIP
Speaker (majority party)
Democrats:• Majority Leader• Majority Whip• Chairman of the Caucus• Steering & Policy
Committee• Democratic
Congressional Campaign Committee
Speaker of the HouseNancy Pelossi (D-CA)
Majority LeaderSteny Hoyer (D-MD)
Majority WhipJames Clyburn (D-SC)
SENATE LEADERSHIPPresident of the Senate
(Vice President)
President Pro Tempore (majority party)
Democrats:• Majority Leader• Majority Whip• Chairman of Conference• Policy Committee• Steering Committee• Democratic Senatorial
Campaign CommitteeMajority LeaderHarry Reid (D-NV)
President Pro TemRobert Byrd (D-WV)
Majority WhipRichard Durbin (D-IL)
President of the SenateJoe Biden (D-DE)
Legislative Committees:Function & Purpose
1. Consider bills (a.k.a. “mark-up” bills)
A bill with a member’s mark-up notes
Legislative Committees:Function & Purpose
2. Maintain oversight of executive agencies
Secretary Donald Rumsfeld testifies before a Senate Appropriations Committee hearing re: the Department of Defense Budget (May, 2006)
Legislative Committees:Function & Purpose
3. Conduct investigations
New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin testified before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee on Hurricane Katrina (Feb., 2006
Types of CommitteesStanding Committees - permanent panel with full
legislative functions and oversight responsibilities• Subcommittees – formed to tackle very specific tasks within
the jurisdiction of the full committeesSelect or Special Committees - groups appointed for a
limited purpose and limited durationJoint Committees - includes members of both chambers
to conduct studies or perform housekeeping tasks Conference Committee - includes members of House &
Senate to work out differences between similar bills
House Standing CommitteesAgricultureAppropriationsArmed ServicesBudgetEducation & WorkforceEnergy & CommerceFinancial ServicesGovernment ReformHouse Admin.International Relations
JudiciaryResourcesRulesScienceSmall BusinessStandards of Official
ConductTransportation &
InfrastructureVeterans AffairsWays & Means
Senate Standing CommitteesAgriculture, Nutrition, &
ForestryAppropriationsArmed ServicesBanking, Housing, & Urban
AffairsBudgetCommerce, Science,
TransportationEnergy & Natural ResourcesEnvironment and Public
Works
FinanceForeign RelationsGovernmental AffairsHealth, Education, Labor &
PensionsJudiciaryRules and AdministrationSmall Business and
EntrepreneurshipVeterans Affairs
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