Congress combined ppts

CONGRESS

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January 2015January 2005

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Paul RyanSpeaker of the House

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Orrin HatchPresident Pro Tempore

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NORTH CAROLINA 12th DISTRICT

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FLORIDA 22nd DISTRICT

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ILLINOIS 4th DISTRICT

What we want districts to look likehttp://youtu.be/U6DyZF--0ao

What we don't want districts to look likehttp://youtu.be/CrVE-WQBcYQ

Expressed vs. Implied Powers of Congress

What’s the Difference Between Expressed and Implied?Expressed Powers Implied Powers• Expressed means that they are

explicitly written in the Constitution, giving Congress the direct power to regulate those areas

• Implied means that they are powers taken by Congress through reasonable deduction from the expressed powers

• The “Necessary and Proper” Clause

“The Necessary and Proper Clause”• “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying

into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.”

• Article I, Section 8, Clause 18

The power to lay and collect taxes

Expressed Implied• “To lay and collect Taxes, Duties,

Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States…”

• Congress is the only body in the Fed. Gov’t to decide how to tax us

• Punish Tax Evaders

• Regulate certain things (alcohol) and outlaw others (narcotics)

• Require states to meet certain conditions to get federal funding

The Power to Regulate Interstate Commerce

Expressed implied• “to regulate Commerce with foreign

Nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian Tribes”

• The Congress can make laws regulating domestic and foreign trade

• Cannot favor one state over another

• Establish a minimum wage

• Ban discrimination in workplaces and public facilities

• Pass laws protecting the disabled

• Regulate Banking

The Power to Borrow Money

Expressed Implied• “to borrow money on the credit

of the United States”

• No limit on how much we can borrow

• No limitations on the reasons for borrowing

• The power to establish the Federal Reserve System of Banks

The Power to Raise an Army and Navy

Expressed implied• Congress alone has the power to

raise and support an Army and Navy

• Make rules governing our military

• Declare War

• The power to draft Americans into the military

• Highly controversial, but upheld by Supreme Court in 1917

The Power to Create Naturalization Laws

Expressed Implied• “To establish an uniform Rule of

Naturalization.”

• Congress set up the process for immigrants becoming citizens

• The power to regulate and limit immigration

• Quotas are placed on the number of people that can immigrate here every year

The Power to Establish Post Offices

Expressed Implied• “to establish Post Offices and Post

roads”

• Provides for the carrying of the mail

• “Post Roads” include rail lines, airways, and waters in US while mail is travelling on them

• Prohibit mail fraud and obstruction of the mail

• Bar the shipping of certain items through the mail

How a bill becomes a law…

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Congress• Most important job of congress is to __________ laws

• 6,845 bills introduced during 112th congress

• 561 passed into law

Step one - Introduction• House of Representatives -

• A bill idea may be introduced by any citizen but only a member of the House may propose legislation. (hopper)

Step One proposal/Intro

• Bill is introduced by a member of the House of Representatives.

• Bill is read in the House

Step Two committee action• Bill is given a number committee chair and

assigned to a committee/subcomittee by parliamentarian to begin the legislation process.

• (H.F. - and the number it was received in)

• Can be sent to subcommittee

Il peut mourir

Il peut mourir

Step two committee action• The committee has three options:• 1) Kill the bill

• 2) Pigeonhole the bill (Most common)

• 3) Send the bill onto the full House for consideration

Il peut mourir

Step three Floor debate• Bill is debated on the House Floor. Then the

House can either:

• A) defeat the bill • B) pass the bill

• Voting done 3 ways • 1. Voice vote aye/no• 2. Standing vote• 3. Roll call yea, nay, present

Il peut mourir

Step 4 Repeat• * Process for 1-4 same in senate.

• Il peut mourir

24 Hours 18 MinsCivl Rights Act 1957 Strom Thurmond Alfonse D'Amato23 Hours 30 Mins

Military Bill

Step 5 conference committee• If there are differences in the two versions

of the bill, the bill must go back to conference committee for revisions. then sent back to both houses for vote

Il peut mourir

Step Five conference committee• The House and senate version of the bill sent

to a Conference Committee to revise and vote on the bill

Il peut mourir

Step Six President• The approved bill is sent to the president:

• he can do 4 things

• A) The President signs the bill and it becomes law.

• B) The President does not sign the bill and Congress is in session for 10 days and the bill automatically becomes law.

OR• C) The President vetoes the bill thereby

killing the bill process.

• D) The President does not sign the bill and Congress is adjourned for 10 days and bill is automatically vetoed and thus, it is dead. (Pocket Veto)

Il peut mourir

Il peut mourir

If the bill is vetoed, the two chambers have three options:

• A) Change the bill. To what the president wants so he does not veto

• B) Forget about the bill, put in back into the hopper, and try again later or next session.

• C) Attempt an Override of the President’s Veto.2/3 congress vote

Il peut mourir

• However, any override must have at least a two-thirds majority to be successful.

• Not very common because of overwhelming majority

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How a Bill Becomes a Law• Irene – Introduction• Can – Committee• Friend – Full House (or Senate)• Really – Repeat• Conspicuous – Conference Committee• People – President

House-Senate Differences

House• 435 members; 2 yr terms• Low turnover• Speaker bill referral hard

to challenge• Scheduling/rules

controlled by majority party with powerful Rules Committee (controls time of debate, amends., etc)

Senate• 100 members; 6 yr terms• Moderate turnover• Referral decisions easily

challenged• Scheduling/rules agreed to

by majority & minority leaders

House-Senate Differences

House• Debate limited to 1 hour• Members policy

specialists• Emphasizes tax &

revenue policy• More formal &

impersonal

Senate• Unlimited debate unless

cloture invoked• Members policy

generalists• Emphasizes foreign policy• More informal & personal

HOUSE LEADERSHIP

Speaker (majority party)

Democrats:• Majority Leader• Majority Whip• Chairman of the Caucus• Steering & Policy

Committee• Democratic

Congressional Campaign Committee

Speaker of the HouseNancy Pelossi (D-CA)

Majority LeaderSteny Hoyer (D-MD)

Majority WhipJames Clyburn (D-SC)

SENATE LEADERSHIPPresident of the Senate

(Vice President)

President Pro Tempore (majority party)

Democrats:• Majority Leader• Majority Whip• Chairman of Conference• Policy Committee• Steering Committee• Democratic Senatorial

Campaign CommitteeMajority LeaderHarry Reid (D-NV)

President Pro TemRobert Byrd (D-WV)

Majority WhipRichard Durbin (D-IL)

President of the SenateJoe Biden (D-DE)

Legislative Committees:

Function and Purpose

Legislative Committees:Function & Purpose

1. Consider bills (a.k.a. “mark-up” bills)

A bill with a member’s mark-up notes


2. Maintain oversight of executive agencies

Secretary Donald Rumsfeld testifies before a Senate Appropriations Committee hearing re: the Department of Defense Budget (May, 2006)


3. Conduct investigations

New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin testified before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee on Hurricane Katrina (Feb., 2006

Types of CommitteesStanding Committees - permanent panel with full

legislative functions and oversight responsibilities• Subcommittees – formed to tackle very specific tasks within

the jurisdiction of the full committeesSelect or Special Committees - groups appointed for a

limited purpose and limited durationJoint Committees - includes members of both chambers

to conduct studies or perform housekeeping tasks Conference Committee - includes members of House &

Senate to work out differences between similar bills

House Standing CommitteesAgricultureAppropriationsArmed ServicesBudgetEducation & WorkforceEnergy & CommerceFinancial ServicesGovernment ReformHouse Admin.International Relations

JudiciaryResourcesRulesScienceSmall BusinessStandards of Official

ConductTransportation &

InfrastructureVeterans AffairsWays & Means

Senate Standing CommitteesAgriculture, Nutrition, &

ForestryAppropriationsArmed ServicesBanking, Housing, & Urban

AffairsBudgetCommerce, Science,

TransportationEnergy & Natural ResourcesEnvironment and Public

Works

FinanceForeign RelationsGovernmental AffairsHealth, Education, Labor &

PensionsJudiciaryRules and AdministrationSmall Business and

EntrepreneurshipVeterans Affairs