Cn tu12 4_ira_desire-landcon-wocat_mapping_land_degradation_ouessar

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Mapping land degradation and Mapping land degradation and sutainable management in the sutainable management in the wadi Hallouf watershed (South wadi Hallouf watershed (South

east Tunisia)east Tunisia)

Enneb I., H. Taamallah, M. Ouessar, G. van LyndenEnneb I., H. Taamallah, M. Ouessar, G. van Lynden

Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), TunisiaInstitut des Régions Arides (IRA), Tunisia

ISRIC, Wageningen, The NetherlandsISRIC, Wageningen, The Netherlands

International Conference on Combating Land Degradation and Annual Councilor Meeting of WASWAC（ LANDCON1010）

Xi’an, China, 12 October 2010

Study Area : Covers the watersheds of wadi Oum Zessar and wadi El Halouf which are localized in southeast Tunisia. Administratively, it belongs to three counties (Médenine Nord, Sidi Maklouf and Béni Khédache) of the province of Médenine. It has an arid climate (Rainfall: 150-230 mm )

Land use system (LUS)Land use system (LUS)

Mapping unitsMapping units

Cereal agricultureCereal agriculture

Land use system (step2)

Administrativeor other unit

Land use system

(LUS)

a)Area Trend

b) Intensity Trend

District xy Cereals Agriculture

1 0

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO2)

Land degradation (step 3)

a)Type

i ii iii

b)Extent

c)Degree

d)Rate

f) Directcause

e) Indirectcause

g) Impact onEco System. Services

Et Ed 5% 2 2 f4, n4 p/ t P1(-2), E4(-2)

Pc 5% 1 1 s1 p / t P1(-2), E4(-2)

Bc 40% 3 2 f4, s4 p/ t P1(-2), E4(-2)

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO2)

Conservation (step 4)

a) Name

b) Group

c)Measure

d) Purpose

e) % ofarea

f)Degrationaddressed

g)Effectiveness

h)Effect.Trend

i) Impact

on ESS

j)Period

k)Ref QT

Sand stabilisat-ion

SD S8 M1 M/P 5% Ed Bc

Et 3 0P1(+2)

E4 (1)

1950

Tabia WH S3 M/P 10% Ed Bc

Et Bc3 0

P2 (1)

E1 (1)

1950

Expert recommendation (Step 5)

Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information

M

P

* To reduce vegetation cover degradation through the use of means for sand fixation and soil and water conservation (CES)

* To use practices to restore the vegetation cover and to reduce soil degradation

Agriculture behind jessourAgriculture behind jessour

Land use system (step2)

Administrativeor other unit

Land use system (LUS)

a)Area Trend

b) Intensity Trend

District xy Agriculture behind jessour

0 0

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO3 / ZK-BKE4 / ZK-MN3 / ZK-SM1)

Land degradation (step 3)

a)Type

i ii iii

b)Extent

c)Degree

d)Rate

f) Directcause

e) Indirectcause

g) Impact onEco System. Services

Wg Wt 10% 2 1 s3, n3 l P2 (-1), E2(-1)

Ha Hs 10% 2 2 n1/ n6 P2(-1), E4(-1)

Bc 15% 3 2 n6 E8 (-1),

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO3 / ZK-BKE4 / ZK-MN3 / ZK-SM1)

Conservation (step 4)

a) Name

b) Group

c)Measure

d) Purpose

e) % ofarea

f)Degrationaddressed

g)Effectiveness

h)Effect.Trend

i) Impact

on ESS

j)Period

k)Ref QT

Jessour WH S3 A1 M/P 60% Wg Ha Bc 3 1 P2(2)

E2 (2)

E8(2)

1900

Expert recommendation (Step 5)

Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information

M

P

* To intensify water and soil conservation (CES) works.

*To ensure maintenance and to safeguard CES works (especially after the floods and exceptional rains).

Plain rangelandsPlain rangelands

Land use system (step2)

Administrativeor other unit

Land use system (LUS)

a)Area Trend

b) Intensity Trend

District xy Plain rangelands -2 -2

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO4 / ZK-BKE3 / ZK-MN4 / ZK-SM6)

Land degradation (step 3)

a)Type

i ii iii

b)Extent

c)Degree

d)Rate

f) Directcause

e) Indirectcause

g) Impact onEco System. Services

Wt Wg Wr 15% 2 3 s1, g1/n6 l/P P1 (-2), E2(-2) E8(-2)

Et Ed 15% 2 3 f6/ g1/n6 l/P P1 (-2), E2(-2) E8(-2)

Bc B q 10% 3 3 n6 l/P E8 (-2), E2(-2), P1(-2)

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO4 / ZK-BKE3 / ZK-MN4 / ZK-SM6)

Conservation (step 4)

a) Name

b) Group

c)Measure

d) Purpose

e) % ofarea

f)Degrationaddressed

g)Effectiveness

h)EffectTrend

i) Impact

on ESS

j)Period

k)Ref QT

FencingResting

GR M5 M/P 5% Wt Et 4 1 E2 (2)

E8(2)

1957 TUN11

Afforestation

vs V2 M/P 5% Et Bc 4 1 E2 (2)

E8(2)

1957 TUN11

Sand dune fixation

Sd S8 M/P 5% Et 4 1 E2 (2)

E8(2)

1957 TUN11

Expert recommendation (Step 5)

Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information

M

P

* To use practices for vegetation cover restoration, reduction of livestock, while limiting cultivation extension

* To consolidate / Land protection works.

Mountain rangelandsMountain rangelands

Land use system (step2)

Administrativeor other unit

Land use system

(LUS)

a)Area Trend

b) Intensity Trend

District xy Moutain range lands

-2 -2

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO5 / ZK-BKE2 / ZK-MN2 / ZK-SM2)

Land degradation (step 3)

a)Type

i ii iii

b)Extent

c)Degree

d)Rate

f) Directcause

e) Indirectcause

g) Impact onEco System. Services

Wg Wt 15% 3 3 n3 t /P P1 (-2)

Ha 10% 2 2 n3 ,n6 P/h E2(-2)

Bc Bh 15% 3 3 g1 P/t/h E8 (-3)

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO5 / ZK-BKE2 / ZK-MN2 / ZK-SM2)

Conservation (step 4)

a) Name

b) Group

c)Measure

d) Purpose

e) % ofarea

f)Degrationaddressed

g)Effectiveness

h) Effect.Trend

i) Impact

on ESS

j)Period

k) Ref QT

FencingResting

GR V2 M/P 5% Bc Bt 4 1 E8 (3)

P1(2)

1960 TUN11

Expert recommendation (Step 5)

Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information

M

P

•To extend setting fenced areas

* To reduce livestock number.

Dahar rangelandsDahar rangelands

Land use system (step2)

Administrativeor other unit

Land use system

(LUS)

a)Area Trend

b) Intensity Trend

District xy Dahar rangelands 0 0

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO1)

Land degradation (step 3)

a)Type

i ii iii

b)Extent

c)Degree

d)Rate

f) Directcause

e) Indirectcause

g) Impact onEco System. Services

Et Ed 15% 3 3 g1/ l2/ n4 t /O P1 (-1) / E8(-2)

Cn 15% 2 2 e2 t /O E8(-2)

Wt 10% 3 3 n3 t /O E8 (-2)

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO1)

Conservation (step 4)

a) Name

b) Group

c)Measure

d) Purpose

e) % ofarea

f)Degrationaddressed

g)Effectiveness

h)Effect.Trend

i) Impact

on ESS

j)Period

k)Ref QT

Pallissade Sd S8 M/P 3% Et Ed 3 1 P1 (1)

E8(2)

1980 TUN11

FencingResting

GR M5 M/P 3% Et Ed Cn 3 1E8(2)

1980 TUN11

Afforestation

VS V1 M/P 3% Et Wt 2 1 E8(2) 1980 TUN11

Expert recommendation (Step 5)

Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information

M

P

• reduce wind erosion phenomenon and livestock number, • Watering points/sources multiplication

* To Improve fencing and resting works

* Expansion of plantations / Pallissade

Agriculture behind tabiasAgriculture behind tabias

Land use system (step2)

Administrativeor other unit

Land use system (LUS)

a)Area Trend

b) Intensity Trend

District xy Agriculture behind Tabia

2 2

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKE1 / ZK-MN1/ ZK-SM4)

Land degradation (step 3)

a)Type

i ii iii

b)Extent

c)Degree

d)Rate

f) Directcause

e) Indirectcause

g) Impact onEco System. Services

Wt Wd 5% 2 -2 n2 / n4 l E2(-1)

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKE1 / ZK-MN1/ ZK-SM4)

Conservation (step 4)a) Name

b) Group

c)Measure

d) Purpose

e) % ofarea

f)Degrationaddressed

g)Effectiveness

h)Effect.Trend

i) Impact

on ESS

j)Period

k)Ref QT

Tabia Tr / Wh / Sc

S3 A1 M/P 30% Wt Wg 4 1 P1 (3), E2(3)

S5(3)

1960 TUN11

GabionRecharge

SAPR Sc

S6 M/P 20% Wt Wg 4 1 P1 (3), E2(3)

S5(3)

1960 TUN11

Drg stonesridges

RHSc

S2 A1 M/P 10% Wt Wg 4 1 P1 (3), E2(3)

S5(3)

1960

Gabionspreading

WHPRSc

S6 M/P 10% Wt Wg 4 1 P1 (3), E2(3)

S5(3)

1960 TUN11

Expert recommendation (Step 5)

Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information

M

P

* Consolidation and reservation of plantation

* watershed integrated management

Halophyte rangelandsHalophyte rangelands

Land use system (step2)

Administrativeor other unit

Land use system

(LUS)

a)Area Trend

b) Intensity Trend

District xy Halophyste

rangelands -1 1

Mapping unit ID: (ZK-SM6)

Land degradation (step 3)

a)Type

i ii iii

b)Extent

c)Degree

d)Rate

f) Directcause

e) Indirectcause

g) Impact onEco System. Services

Cs Pw 50% 3 1 n5O: high evaporationRunoff reduced

E1(-1)

Bc35% 2 1 e2 h E4 (-2)

Expert recommendation (Step 5)Expert

recommendation Remarks and additional information

M/P

• Grazing level control, • Improve water runoff• wood collection reduction

We love deserts but we combat desertifcation ….