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Mapping land degradation and Mapping land degradation and sutainable management in the sutainable management in the wadi Hallouf watershed (South wadi Hallouf watershed (South
east Tunisia)east Tunisia)
Enneb I., H. Taamallah, M. Ouessar, G. van LyndenEnneb I., H. Taamallah, M. Ouessar, G. van Lynden
Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), TunisiaInstitut des Régions Arides (IRA), Tunisia
ISRIC, Wageningen, The NetherlandsISRIC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
International Conference on Combating Land Degradation and Annual Councilor Meeting of WASWAC（ LANDCON1010）
Xi’an, China, 12 October 2010
Study Area : Covers the watersheds of wadi Oum Zessar and wadi El Halouf which are localized in southeast Tunisia. Administratively, it belongs to three counties (Médenine Nord, Sidi Maklouf and Béni Khédache) of the province of Médenine. It has an arid climate (Rainfall: 150-230 mm )
Land use system (LUS)Land use system (LUS)
Mapping unitsMapping units
Cereal agricultureCereal agriculture
Land use system (step2)
Administrativeor other unit
Land use system
(LUS)
a)Area Trend
b) Intensity Trend
District xy Cereals Agriculture
1 0
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO2)
Land degradation (step 3)
a)Type
i ii iii
b)Extent
c)Degree
d)Rate
f) Directcause
e) Indirectcause
g) Impact onEco System. Services
Et Ed 5% 2 2 f4, n4 p/ t P1(-2), E4(-2)
Pc 5% 1 1 s1 p / t P1(-2), E4(-2)
Bc 40% 3 2 f4, s4 p/ t P1(-2), E4(-2)
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO2)
Conservation (step 4)
a) Name
b) Group
c)Measure
d) Purpose
e) % ofarea
f)Degrationaddressed
g)Effectiveness
h)Effect.Trend
i) Impact
on ESS
j)Period
k)Ref QT
Sand stabilisat-ion
SD S8 M1 M/P 5% Ed Bc
Et 3 0P1(+2)
E4 (1)
1950
Tabia WH S3 M/P 10% Ed Bc
Et Bc3 0
P2 (1)
E1 (1)
1950
Expert recommendation (Step 5)
Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information
M
P
* To reduce vegetation cover degradation through the use of means for sand fixation and soil and water conservation (CES)
* To use practices to restore the vegetation cover and to reduce soil degradation
Agriculture behind jessourAgriculture behind jessour
Land use system (step2)
Administrativeor other unit
Land use system (LUS)
a)Area Trend
b) Intensity Trend
District xy Agriculture behind jessour
0 0
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO3 / ZK-BKE4 / ZK-MN3 / ZK-SM1)
Land degradation (step 3)
a)Type
i ii iii
b)Extent
c)Degree
d)Rate
f) Directcause
e) Indirectcause
g) Impact onEco System. Services
Wg Wt 10% 2 1 s3, n3 l P2 (-1), E2(-1)
Ha Hs 10% 2 2 n1/ n6 P2(-1), E4(-1)
Bc 15% 3 2 n6 E8 (-1),
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO3 / ZK-BKE4 / ZK-MN3 / ZK-SM1)
Conservation (step 4)
a) Name
b) Group
c)Measure
d) Purpose
e) % ofarea
f)Degrationaddressed
g)Effectiveness
h)Effect.Trend
i) Impact
on ESS
j)Period
k)Ref QT
Jessour WH S3 A1 M/P 60% Wg Ha Bc 3 1 P2(2)
E2 (2)
E8(2)
1900
Expert recommendation (Step 5)
Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information
M
P
* To intensify water and soil conservation (CES) works.
*To ensure maintenance and to safeguard CES works (especially after the floods and exceptional rains).
Plain rangelandsPlain rangelands
Land use system (step2)
Administrativeor other unit
Land use system (LUS)
a)Area Trend
b) Intensity Trend
District xy Plain rangelands -2 -2
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO4 / ZK-BKE3 / ZK-MN4 / ZK-SM6)
Land degradation (step 3)
a)Type
i ii iii
b)Extent
c)Degree
d)Rate
f) Directcause
e) Indirectcause
g) Impact onEco System. Services
Wt Wg Wr 15% 2 3 s1, g1/n6 l/P P1 (-2), E2(-2) E8(-2)
Et Ed 15% 2 3 f6/ g1/n6 l/P P1 (-2), E2(-2) E8(-2)
Bc B q 10% 3 3 n6 l/P E8 (-2), E2(-2), P1(-2)
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO4 / ZK-BKE3 / ZK-MN4 / ZK-SM6)
Conservation (step 4)
a) Name
b) Group
c)Measure
d) Purpose
e) % ofarea
f)Degrationaddressed
g)Effectiveness
h)EffectTrend
i) Impact
on ESS
j)Period
k)Ref QT
FencingResting
GR M5 M/P 5% Wt Et 4 1 E2 (2)
E8(2)
1957 TUN11
Afforestation
vs V2 M/P 5% Et Bc 4 1 E2 (2)
E8(2)
1957 TUN11
Sand dune fixation
Sd S8 M/P 5% Et 4 1 E2 (2)
E8(2)
1957 TUN11
Expert recommendation (Step 5)
Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information
M
P
* To use practices for vegetation cover restoration, reduction of livestock, while limiting cultivation extension
* To consolidate / Land protection works.
Mountain rangelandsMountain rangelands
Land use system (step2)
Administrativeor other unit
Land use system
(LUS)
a)Area Trend
b) Intensity Trend
District xy Moutain range lands
-2 -2
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO5 / ZK-BKE2 / ZK-MN2 / ZK-SM2)
Land degradation (step 3)
a)Type
i ii iii
b)Extent
c)Degree
d)Rate
f) Directcause
e) Indirectcause
g) Impact onEco System. Services
Wg Wt 15% 3 3 n3 t /P P1 (-2)
Ha 10% 2 2 n3 ,n6 P/h E2(-2)
Bc Bh 15% 3 3 g1 P/t/h E8 (-3)
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO5 / ZK-BKE2 / ZK-MN2 / ZK-SM2)
Conservation (step 4)
a) Name
b) Group
c)Measure
d) Purpose
e) % ofarea
f)Degrationaddressed
g)Effectiveness
h) Effect.Trend
i) Impact
on ESS
j)Period
k) Ref QT
FencingResting
GR V2 M/P 5% Bc Bt 4 1 E8 (3)
P1(2)
1960 TUN11
Expert recommendation (Step 5)
Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information
M
P
•To extend setting fenced areas
* To reduce livestock number.
Dahar rangelandsDahar rangelands
Land use system (step2)
Administrativeor other unit
Land use system
(LUS)
a)Area Trend
b) Intensity Trend
District xy Dahar rangelands 0 0
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO1)
Land degradation (step 3)
a)Type
i ii iii
b)Extent
c)Degree
d)Rate
f) Directcause
e) Indirectcause
g) Impact onEco System. Services
Et Ed 15% 3 3 g1/ l2/ n4 t /O P1 (-1) / E8(-2)
Cn 15% 2 2 e2 t /O E8(-2)
Wt 10% 3 3 n3 t /O E8 (-2)
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKO1)
Conservation (step 4)
a) Name
b) Group
c)Measure
d) Purpose
e) % ofarea
f)Degrationaddressed
g)Effectiveness
h)Effect.Trend
i) Impact
on ESS
j)Period
k)Ref QT
Pallissade Sd S8 M/P 3% Et Ed 3 1 P1 (1)
E8(2)
1980 TUN11
FencingResting
GR M5 M/P 3% Et Ed Cn 3 1E8(2)
1980 TUN11
Afforestation
VS V1 M/P 3% Et Wt 2 1 E8(2) 1980 TUN11
Expert recommendation (Step 5)
Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information
M
P
• reduce wind erosion phenomenon and livestock number, • Watering points/sources multiplication
* To Improve fencing and resting works
* Expansion of plantations / Pallissade
Agriculture behind tabiasAgriculture behind tabias
Land use system (step2)
Administrativeor other unit
Land use system (LUS)
a)Area Trend
b) Intensity Trend
District xy Agriculture behind Tabia
2 2
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKE1 / ZK-MN1/ ZK-SM4)
Land degradation (step 3)
a)Type
i ii iii
b)Extent
c)Degree
d)Rate
f) Directcause
e) Indirectcause
g) Impact onEco System. Services
Wt Wd 5% 2 -2 n2 / n4 l E2(-1)
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-BKE1 / ZK-MN1/ ZK-SM4)
Conservation (step 4)a) Name
b) Group
c)Measure
d) Purpose
e) % ofarea
f)Degrationaddressed
g)Effectiveness
h)Effect.Trend
i) Impact
on ESS
j)Period
k)Ref QT
Tabia Tr / Wh / Sc
S3 A1 M/P 30% Wt Wg 4 1 P1 (3), E2(3)
S5(3)
1960 TUN11
GabionRecharge
SAPR Sc
S6 M/P 20% Wt Wg 4 1 P1 (3), E2(3)
S5(3)
1960 TUN11
Drg stonesridges
RHSc
S2 A1 M/P 10% Wt Wg 4 1 P1 (3), E2(3)
S5(3)
1960
Gabionspreading
WHPRSc
S6 M/P 10% Wt Wg 4 1 P1 (3), E2(3)
S5(3)
1960 TUN11
Expert recommendation (Step 5)
Expertrecommendation Remarks and additional information
M
P
* Consolidation and reservation of plantation
* watershed integrated management
Halophyte rangelandsHalophyte rangelands
Land use system (step2)
Administrativeor other unit
Land use system
(LUS)
a)Area Trend
b) Intensity Trend
District xy Halophyste
rangelands -1 1
Mapping unit ID: (ZK-SM6)
Land degradation (step 3)
a)Type
i ii iii
b)Extent
c)Degree
d)Rate
f) Directcause
e) Indirectcause
g) Impact onEco System. Services
Cs Pw 50% 3 1 n5O: high evaporationRunoff reduced
E1(-1)
Bc35% 2 1 e2 h E4 (-2)
Expert recommendation (Step 5)Expert
recommendation Remarks and additional information
M/P
• Grazing level control, • Improve water runoff• wood collection reduction
We love deserts but we combat desertifcation ….
