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This presentation by Terry Sunderland presents CIFOR and it's research agenda as well as the ICDP and REDD experiences.
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THINKING beyond the canopy
CIFOR: conservation, development, research and prospects for REDD
Terry Sunderland, PhD
FFPRI, Tsukuba, 9th November 2009
THINKING beyond the canopy
Presentation outline
Who we are Where we work Impact Why forests matter Our research agenda ICDP experiences and REDD
THINKING beyond the canopy
Who we are: Centre for International Forestry Research
THINKING beyond the canopy
We advance human wellbeing,
environmental conservation and
equity by conducting research to
inform policies and practices
that affect forests in developing
countries.
Purpose
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We envision a world where: Forests are high on the political
agenda People recognise the value of forests
for maintaining livelihoods and ecosystems
Decisions that influence forests and the people that depend on them are based on solid science and principles of good governance, and reflect the perspectives of developing countries and forest-dependent people
Vision
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We are the only pro-poor policy
orientated forestry institute in the
world with a fully independent and
global mandate that focuses
primarily on creating International
Public Goods.
How we work
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200 staff globally
A ‘centre without walls’, working in partnership with:
• governments
• non-governmental organisations
• international organisations
• development agencies
• civil society
• foresters
• media
• private sector
How we work
THINKING beyond the canopy
Where we work
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Where we work
Tropical forest
Dry forest Humid forest
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Headquarters:
Bogor, Indonesia
Where we work
2 Regional officesBurkina Faso CameroonEthiopiaGuinea ZambiaBrazilBolivia Laos
7 Project offices37 Research sitesVietnam
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Impact: policy, publications etc.
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Sustaining Cameroon’s forestsCIFOR research identified a loophole in the 1994 Forest Law, which
meant almost 25% of total timber production in 2006 was drawn from unlisted valuable species
Ministry of Forests and Fauna has since revised the law
Impacts are likely to include conservation of forest resources and improved revenue flows (including community welfare)
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Co-management for co-benefits Landscape Management for Improved Livelihoods
Research identified policy options for strengthening community forests as legal entities and practical options for agricultural intensification
Impacts have included up to threefold increases in local incomes, and significant growth in vegetation cover
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Getting the message out…
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Forests matter
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Forests underpin many developing
economies and employ large
numbers of rural people.
Forests matterEconomic value
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Global
Timber, pulp, paper = more than $US150 billion
NTFPs = more than $US10 billion
Forests provide a third of rural, nonfarm employment in many developing countries
Forests matterEconomic value
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Indonesia
$US8.9 billion forest-sector export earnings in 2006
$US3 billion annual loss from undocumented timber extraction
$US1 billion development aid to forestry sector, 1988-2008
Forests matterEconomic value
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Forests matterLocal livelihoods
More than a billion people depend
on forests for food, fuel, shelter and
medicines
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Health and nutrition
Bushmeat contributes 30 to 80% of rural protein in Cameroon
Medicinal plants play a major role in primary health care and treating and preventing illness
Forests matterLocal livelihoods
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Forests stabilise soils and discourage erosion
So they’re important for transport and infrastructure
Forests matterEnvironmental services
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Forests regulate water supply
So they’re important for drinking water, agriculture and hydroenergy
Forests matterEnvironmental services
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Forests store atmospheric carbon
So they’re important for stabilizing the Earth’s climate
Forests absorb around15% of global emissions
Their destruction generates around 20% of global emissions
Forests matterEnvironmental services
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Make up 15%of Earth’s surface
Home to 50%of land-based species
Forests matterBiodiversity
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Our research agenda
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CIFOR’s strategic research agenda
1 Enhancing the role of forests in mitigating climate change
Enhancing the role of forests in adapting to climate change2Improving livelihoods through smallholder and community forestry3Managing trade-offs between conservation and development at the landscape scale4Managing impacts of globalised trade and investment on forests and forest communities5Sustainably managing tropical production forests6
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Domain 4: Conservation and development trade-offs at the landscape scale
“CIFOR’s goal [within this domain] is to shift policy and practice toward conservation and development approaches that are more effective, efficient and equitable in process and outcome”
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Most forest biodiversity occurs outside protected areas
So trade-offs are often required between the needs of people and the need for forest conservation
Payments for Environmental Services (PES)
• including carbon, watersheds, aesthetic value, biodiversity
Managing trade-offs between conservation and development at the landscape scale4Research
domain
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Research themes Developing better methods for assessing environmental services
Establishing platforms for negotiating conservation and development trade-offs
Understanding the relative effectiveness of institutional frameworks and alternative conservation approaches
Managing trade-offs between conservation and development at the landscape scale4Research
domain
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Managing trade-offs between conservation and development at the landscape scale4Research
domain
Research projectsBiodiversity in landscape mosaics
• Cameroon, Indonesia, Laos, Madagascar, Tanzania
• Funded by SDC
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Managing trade-offs between conservation and development at the landscape scale4Research
domain
Research projects
Landscape management for improved livelihoods (LAMIL)
• Guinea, Sierra Leone
• Funded by USAID
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Managing trade-offs between conservation and development at the landscape scale4Research
domain
Research projectsScaling up payments for watershed services (PWS)
• Bolivia, Ecuador, India, South Africa
• Funded by the CGIAR
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What is REDD? Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and forest Degradation
Forest conservation to compete with drivers of deforestation
Co-benefits include poverty alleviation, biodiversity protection and improved forest governance
3E’s: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Equity
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ICDP’s and REDD: what relationship? ICDP’s = Integrated conservation and development projects
(traditional means of tropical forest conservation) REDD = post-Kyoto mechanism for funding carbon storage
in tropical forests Masters study undertaken by Betsy Hill from Charles Darwin
University: analysis of ICDP’s in Lower Mekong Identified constraints to ICDP implementation and what
constitutes “best practice” Much to learn from ICDP implementation for REDD Build upon experience to ensure that REDD projects comply
to the “3 e’s”: effective, efficient and equitable REDD conceptually linked closely with Payments for
Environmental Services (PES)
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Brief history of ICDP’s Conservation projects that include elements of local
development Linking biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation Compensating for preservationist approaches However, ICDP’s have poor track record and have been
roundly criticised (“back to the barriers”) Accountability an issue (lack of monitoring) Yet remain pervasive approach to delivery of tropical
conservation initiatives REDD initiatives expected to be incorporated into post Kyoto
international climate change agreements But initial REDD examples resemble ICDP approach hence
important to learn from experience
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ICDP best practices of relevance to REDD
Have measurable and clearly defined goals
Project duration should reflect time commitment needed to achieve goals
Markets must be available for participants goods and services
Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation should be in place
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ICDP practices that require greater diligence for REDD
National policies should support project activities Locally based conservation should be applied where
threats and solutions are local Recognise and negotiate for trade-offs Develop understanding of community heterogeneity and
complexity Develop understanding of community needs Design projects to be adaptable Involve local stakeholders at all stages Collaborate with all potential partners Do what you are good at: get others to do the rest!
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The key issues
We do not suggest that all REDD projects should always follow the ICDP approach
REDD implementation will be far more complex than ICDP implementation
However, experience of ICDPs show that project design are important for overall project success
Must be careful not to regard REDD as a new approach Have seen these before (NTFP development, CBNRM,
ICDP’s, forest certification…) MUST integrate a pluralistic approach learning from
project experiences Or we will be reviewing REDD experiences in the same
way as ICDPs
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A silver bullet?…
“REDD could provide us with the greatest opportunity for forest conservation and the equitable sharing of benefits for local communities or it could turn into yet another case of false promises, unrealistic expectations and diverted funds that will ultimately fail in slowing carbon emissions and conserving biodiversity, unless we learn from past experiences.” Editorial: The Guardian, 28th October, 2009
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Road to CopenhagenCOP13 (Bali, 2007), Forest Day 1
• Do Trees Grow on Money?
COP14 (Poznan, 2008), Forest Day 2
• Moving ahead with REDD; Facing an Uncertain Future
COP15 (Copenhagen, 2009), Forest Day 3
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Precedents
Climate change is the most pressing issue in our lifetime (Myers, 1988)
“What have we done to the Earth” (Jim Morrison, 1967)
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www.cifor.cgiar.orgwww.cifor.cgiar.org
Thank you!!Arigatou!!
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