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© 2013 Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
Chapter 4True-Falseand MatchingOermann & GabersonEvaluation and Testing in Nursing Education4th edition
© 2013 Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
Classifying Test Items
♦ By how they are scored– Objectively, e.g., multiple-choice– Subjectively, e.g., essay
♦ By type of response – Selected response, e.g., multiple-choice– Constructed response, e.g., essay
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True-False
♦ Tests knowledge and recall of facts– Higher level if rationale for answer is required
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True-False (cont’d)
Advantages• Efficient
– Can answer many items in less time
– Can test wide range of content
• Easy to construct• Easy to score
Disadvantages• 50% probability of
guessing correctly – Per item– Most students don’t
guess blindly for every item
– Probability decreases with number of T-F items
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Writing True-False Items
♦ Focus on facts or content to be learned♦ Test knowledge of important information,
not trivia♦ Test understanding of content, not memorization of
specific word (unless focus is definitions)♦ Unconditionally true or false
– Cite an authority if relevant
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Writing True-False Items (cont’d)
♦ Avoid words such as “some,” “usually,” “all,” or “never”
♦ Item should test a single fact or idea♦ True and false statements should be approximately
the same length♦ Write equal number or slightly more false than true
statements♦ Avoid confusing negatives
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Avoid Confusing Negatives
It is not normal for a 2-year-old to demonstrate hand-preference. (True)
vs.It is normal for a 2-year-old to demonstrate hand-preference. (False)
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Sample True-False Items
For each of the following statements, circle T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.
T F Type 1 diabetes was formerly called insulin- dependent diabetes. (T)T F Hypothyroidism is manifested by lethargy and fatigue. (T)T F The most common form of congenital heart defect in children is tetralogy of Fallot. (F)
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Variations of True-False Format
♦ Correct false statements♦ Include rationale for responses whether true
or false♦ Multiple true-false
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Sample Items
If the statement is true, draw a circle around T and do no more. If the statement is false, draw a circle around F and underline the word or phrase that makes it false.
T F Tetany occurs with increased levels of calcium.
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Answer
Because this statement is false, student would circle F and underline “increased.”
T F Tetany occurs with increased levels of calcium.
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Variations of True-False
If the statement is true, draw a circle around T and do no more. If the statement is false, draw a circle around F, underline the word or phrase that makes it false, and write in the blank the word or phrase that would make it true.
T F Canned soups are high in potassium. __________
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Answer
Because the statement is false, student would circle F, underline “potassium,” and write “sodium” in the blank to make the statement true.
T F Canned soups are high in potassium. Sodium
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Variations of True-False
If the statement is true, draw a circle around T and do no more. If the statement is false, draw a circle around F and circle the correct word from the list that follows the item.
T F Bradycardia is a heart rate less than 80 beats per minute.
40, 50, 60, 100
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Variations of True-False
If the statement is true, draw a circle around T and explain why it is true. If the statement is false, draw a circle around F and explain why it is false.
T F One purpose of Kegel exercises is to strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles. (T)
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Matching Exercise
♦ Short lists of similar items to be matched♦ Usually tests lower cognitive levels♦ Designed for categories and classifications♦ Directions should indicate basis for matching
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Matching Exercise (cont’d)
♦ Two columns: premises and responses♦ Homogeneous content♦ Columns MUST have unequal numbers
– Avoids giving clue to the final match♦ Entire exercise on same page
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Matching Exercise (cont’d)
♦ Writing premises– In the left column
• May be longer phrases
– Numbered as test items– Arrange in logical order
• Words—alphabetically• Numbers—chronological
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Matching Exercise (cont’d)
♦ Writing responses– All responses fit grammatically and logically with
each premise – Usually shorter than premises—1 word or short
phrase– Lettered, not numbered– Arrange in logical order
• Words—alphabetically• Numbers—chronological
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Sample Matching Exercise
Column A: Column B:a. Long actingb. Intermediate actingc. Short acting
Directions: For each insulin in Column A, identify its peak action in Column B. Responses in Column B may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
c 1. Regularb 2. NPHa 3. Glarginea 4. Detemir
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