B.sc. agri i po h unit 5.1 cultivation practices of aonla

Course: B.Sc. Agriculture

Subject: Principles of Horticulture

Unit :5

Cultivation practices of Aonla

AONLA

B.N. : Emblica officinalis

Family : Euphorbiaceae

Origin : Central to South India.

•Aonla is also known as 'Indian Gooseberry'. •Arid and semi arid fruit. It is a hardy tree, so can be grown even in adverse climatic condition. •Very rich source of Vit – C ( 600-900 mg/100g pulp), therefore, regarded very important for medicinal value in Ayurvedics.• It is an important ingredient of Triphla & Chayanpras.

IntroductIon

AREA (HA) PRODUCTION (MT)

Gujarat 12,600 1.06,000

AreA :

It is more popular as a backyard fruit , however, commercial orcharding can be seen in U.P., Rajasthan, Gujarat & M.S.

Preserve (Murraba), Candy, Mukhvas, Drinks(Juice), Pickles. It can be dried & powdered to be used subsequently. Also used in preparation of inks, hair dyes & hair oils. It is a great health & vitality restorer for mankind.

- :use:-

Grown In tropical and sub-tropical region.It prefers warm and dry climate. It can tolerate adverse climatic condition.Soon after fruit set in spring, the fruits remain dormant through summer withoutany growth, make it highly suitable fruit crop of arid region.

Climate

It is not very exacting in it's soil requirement & grows well in fertile, sandy loam soils. Medium black soil is also suitable. Excess Ca in soil is not good. Can tolerate salinity & sodicity. Water logging is adversely affected.

SOil

. NA -7• Chakaiya • Krishna• Kanchan• Banarasi • Guj Aonla – 1

Varieties

(i) Seeds (ii) Patch budding (May-June) (iii)Soft wood grafting (iv) Inarching

Propagation:-

Planting: 8 × 8 m, 60 × 60 × 60 cm pits (156 plants/ha).

● Budding is done directly on field● established plants.

Planting time: June- July. ● If irrigation facilities, planting can also

be done in spring (Feb.- March)

Intercrops: Vegetable crops are grown.

Soil preparation and planting:-

Age FYM (kg) Fertilizer (g/plant)N P K

I 10 100 50 50II 20 200 100 100

X and onwards

100 1000 500 500

Apply full dose of FYM + 50 % N2 + P + K in JuneRemaining 50 % of N2 is given in September.

Manures and Fertilizers:

Winter- 15-20 day's interval

Summer 10-12 day's interval

For adult tree 2-3 irrigation at 20-25 day's interval during April- June gave higher yield.

Irrigation management:

Training is required to develop good frame work.

Adult tree does not require any pruning treatment.

Training and pruning:-

During Feb-March tree shed their leaves and flowering starts. Flowering takes place on determinate shoots of spring season & the initial fruit set percent varies from 12 to 18. Pollination helped by honey bees. Fruiting starts after 7-8 years in seeded tree & after 3-4 years in budded tree.

After fertilization they goes into dormancy. Fruits are again starts to develop from August and matured in Nov-Jan.

Flowering and fruiting:-

● Insect Pests:● Leaf rolling caterpillar, shoot gall

maker, mealy bug and pomegranate butterfly are major constraints in aonla production. The pests can be managed through clean cultivation, avoiding the over crowing of branches, spraying with malathion or monocrotophos or endosulphon depending on the type of pest infestation.

Physiological Disorder :-

Internal fruit necrosis:- Necrosis symptoms start with the browning of innermost part of the mesocarpic tissues at the time of endocarp hardening in the 2nd & 3rd week of September. Browning extends towards the epicarp resulting into brownish black areas on the fruit surface in the 2nd & 3rd week of October. Depending upon the severity of the disorder, mesocarp of affected fruit turn black & becomes corky & gummy pockets develop. Cause :- Due to the deficiency of boron

Control :- Spray o 0.6 % borax thrice in Sept.- Octo. At 10-15 days interval.

Fully develop

light green to yellowish fruits should be harvested.

Sign of maturity:-

125-250 kg/tree (Anand-1: 600 kg fruits/tree).

Yield:-

Web References:

1. http://nhb.gov.in/report_files/aonla/AONLA.htm2. http://aonlacultivationpractices.blogspot.in/2009/06/brief-introduction.html3. agrigoldorganics.blogspot.com/2013/01/aonla-cultivation-practices.html