Biodiversity cites seminar

CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

& INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN

ENDANGERED SPECIES

» GOMATHI’S

CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

BIODIVERSITY ?

» variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecosystem

CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (CBD)

» CONVENTION? AGREEMENT

» CBD is a comprehensive, binding agreement covering the use and conservation of biodiversity.

http://www.cbd.int/

HISTORY

UNEP – Ad Hoc working Group of Experts on BD explore need for international CBD

Group – Prepared an international legal instrument for conservation & sustainable

use of BD

1988

1989

Group become Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)1991

1992 MAY 22 Agreed the text of CBD

Signature at UNCED (Rio Earth Summit)

Enforce into action

1992 JUNE 5

1993 DEC 29

- 22 May, 1992 in Nairobi, Kenya

TEXT OF CBDoPreambleo42 articleso2 Annexures

» 11 Conference Of the Parties ( COP) meetings.

PREAMBLE » Conscious of values & components of BD.» Conservation & maintenance of sustainable use of BD.» Reaffirming sovereign rights & responsibility of BD.» Aware of BD loss by human activities & plan to take

measures.» Need of full participation of women from policy making

to implementation.» Establish strong cooperation among states, regions.. » Provide additional financial resources & relevant

technologies.» Commitment to conserve & sustainable use of BD for

the benefit of present and future generations.

ARTICLES» OBJECTIVES OF CBD:

» Conservation & sustainable use of BD.» Fair & equitable sharing of benefits arising from the

use of genetic resources.» Appropriate access to genetic resources.» Transfer of required technologies.» Appropriate funding.

» USE OF TERMS:

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» "Biological diversity" – the variability among living organisms from all sources including, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

» PRINCIPLE:

» States have sovereign right to exploit their biological diversity as per their policies. Previously biodiversity was considered heritage of humankind.

» State is responsible to control their resources without damaging the environment of other states.

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» JURIDICTIONAL SCOPE: The geographic area over which authority extends

» COOPERATION:

» Each contracting country has to cooperate other countries for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

» The cooperation can be bilateral or multilateral.» If necessary, any party can ask help from competent

international organizations for arranging cooperation.

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» GENERAL MEASURES FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE (OBLIGATIONS OF THE STATES):

» Develop or adopt national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of BD.

» Integrate these plans into sectoral or cross sectoral plans, programmes and policies.

» IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING

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» IN-SITU CONSERVATION:

» EX-SITU CONSERVATION:

» SUSTAINABLE USE OF COMPONENTS OF BD:

» INCENTIVE MEASURES: motivational measures

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» RESEARCH AND TRAINING:

» PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS:

» IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MINIMIZING ADVERSE IMPACTS:

» ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES:

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» ACCESS TO AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY:

» EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION:

» TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION:

» HANDLING OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ITS BENEFITS

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» FINANCIAL RESOURCES

» FINANCIAL MECHANISM

» RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS:

» CONFERENCE OF PARTIES (COP)

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» SECRETRAIAT

» SUBSIDIARY BODY ON SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE:

» REPORTS:

» SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES:

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» ADOPTION OF PROTOCOL

» AMENDMENT OF THE CONVENTION OR PROTOCOLS:

» ADOPTION AND AMENDMENT OF ANNEXES:

» RIGHT TO VOTE:

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ARTICLE 33. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THIS CONVENTION AND ITS PROTOCOL

ARTICLE 33. SIGNATUREARTICLE 34. RATIFICATION (signing an agreement), ACCEPTANCE OR APPROVAL

ARTICLE 35. ACCESSION (particular period for signature & its extension)ARTICLE 36. ENTRY INTO FORCE

ARTICLE 37. RESERVATIONSARTICLE 38. WITHDRAWALSARTICLE 39. FINANCIAL INTERIM ARRANGEMENTSARTICLE 40. SECRETARIAT INTERIM ARRANGEMENTSARTICLE 41. DEPOSITARYARTICLE 42. AUTHENTIC TEXTS

ANNEX I. IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORINGANNEX II - PART 1. ARBITRATIONANNEX II - PART 2. CONCILIATION

CONFERENCE OF PARTIES (COP)COP PLACE YEAR DOCUMENTS DECISIONS MAJOR THEMES

1 Nassau, Bahamas

28 Nov - 9 Dec 1994

33 13 Guidance to the financial mechanism; Medium-term programme of work;

2 Indonesia 6 - 17 Nov 1995

56 23 Marine and coastal biological diversity; Access to genetic resources; Conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; Biosafety;

3 Argentina 4 - 15 Nov 1996

112 27 Agricultural biodiversity; Financial resources and mechanism; Identification, monitoring and assessment; Intellectual property rights;

4 Slovakia 4 - 15 May 1998

71 19 Inland water ecosystems; Review of the operations of the Convention; Article 8(j) and related issues (traditional knowledge); Benefit sharing;

EX1 Cartagena, Colombia & Montreal, Canada

22 - 23 Feb 1999 & 24 - 28 Jan 2000

24 3 CARTEGENA PROTOCOL

5 Nairobi, Kenya 15 - 26 May 2000

81 29 Dryland, mediterranean, arid, semi-arid, grassland and savannah ecosystems; Sustainable use, including tourism;

Access to genetic resources;

6 Netherlands 7 - 19 April 2002

114 32 Forest ecosystems; Alien species; Benefit-sharing;

Strategic plan 2002-2010;

7 Malaysia 9 - 20 February

2004

94 36 Mountain ecosystems; Protected areas;

Transfer of technology and technology cooperation.

8 Brazil 20 - 31 March 2006

106 34 Island biodiversity; Biological diversity of dry and sub-humid

lands; Global Taxonomy Initiative;

Access and benefit-sharing (Article 15); Article 8(j) and related provisions;

Communication, education and public awareness (Article 13).

9 Germany 19 - 30 May 2008

110 36 Agricultural, Forest biodiversityGlobal Strategy for Plant Conservation;

Invasive alien species; Incentive measures; Progress in the implementation of the Strategic Plan and progress towards the 2010 traget and relevant Millennium

Development Goals;

10 Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture,

Japan

18 - 29 October

2010

107 47 NAGOYA PROTOCOL

11 India 8 - 19 October

2012

125 33 BD & livelihoodss, integration of value of BD in national planning &accounting

process, strategy for resource mobilization, coastal & marine BD ,

operationalization of Nagoya protocol

International Year of Biodiversity

Goals» Raise awareness of: ˃ the importance of biodiversity˃ accomplishments to save biodiversity

» Promote innovative solutions

» Take immediate steps to reduce the rate of loss of biodiversity

main messages

» Biodiversity is important for human well-being

» The current rate of biodiversity loss is severe, by some accounts up to 100 times the natural rate of extinction

» We need to work together to halt this loss. Many “success stories” point the way to the future

STRATEGY» Provide a global message which offers partners the

chance to highlight their work and activities

» Create information products that highlight success stories and the work of the Convention

» Take advantage of existing international and national events to promote the biodiversity agenda to new audiences and mobilize their support

2010 Biodiversity Target

“To achieve, by 2010, a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level, as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on Earth”

ADVANTAGES OF CBD» Gene rich countries: have sovereign rights on their BD.» Farming communities: will receive their share from the

benefits of BD.» Future generations: conservation of resources for future

need. » Scientific communities: benefited by conservation and

improvement of genetic resources.

ALL THE PEOPLE WILL BE

BENEFITED

INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN

ENDANGERED SPECIES

INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES

»Wild life trade – big business between countries – leads to endangering of species.

IMPACT OF WILDLIFE TRADE

» Unsustainable trade in wildlife is one of the central threats to biodiversity as it concerns thousands of plant and animal species, and can push them close to extinction.

» This issue affects a wide range of live animals and plants as well as a vast array of products derived from them, including food, fur, leather goods, musical instruments, timber, tourist souvenirs, perfumes, and medicines.

REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES

» To regulate this extra efforts, international cooperation are necessary.

» Effective regulation – convention to prevent commercial trade in endangered species

INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES

» CITES

» Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora

INTRODUCTION» CITES is an international convention that

combines wildlife and trade themes with a legally binding instrument for achieving conservation and sustainable use objectives

CITES HISTORY» The largest conservation oriented Convention.

» Resolution adopted by the 8TH General Assembly of IUCN, in Nairobi in 1963.

» Drafting of the text started in 1964.

» The final text was adopted in Washington in 3 March 1973, and entered into force on 1 July 1975.

» Washington Convention

CITES MAP

HOW CITES WORK?» CITES – agreement between governments» The regulation is based upon the appendices :

» Appendix 1» Appendix 2» Appendix 3

&» Regulates the export, re-export and import of live and

dead animals and plants and their parts and derivatives (for listed species only) through a system of permits and certificates

Appendix 1

» Species threatened with extinction

» International (commercial) trade is generally prohibited.

» Almost 530 animal species and 300 plant species

Appendix 2

» Species not threatened with extinction, but trade must be controlled to avoid their becoming threatened.

» International trade is permitted but regulated.

» More than 4,400 animal species and more than 28,000 plant species

Appendix 3

» Species for which a country is asking Parties to help with its protection.

» International trade is permitted but regulated (less restrictive than Appendix II)

» Some 240 animal species and about 40 plant species

PERMITS & CERTIFICATES» Export permits» Import permits» Re-export certificates» Other certificates

HOW CITES HELP?» Designate a Management Authority and a

Scientific Authority

» Prohibit trade in specimens in violation of the Convention

» Penalize such trade

» Allow for elimination of specimens illegally traded or possessed

STRUCTURE OF CITES

THE BENEFITS OF CITES» Effective and consistent international regulation

of trade in wildlife for conservation and sustainable use.

» International cooperation on trade and conservation, legislation and enforcement, resource management, conservation science.

THANK YOU…