Basic Latex Typesetting - Session 1

IntroductionThe TEX Document Structure

General FormattingThe Math Environment

Basic LATEXTypesetting

A Hands-On Seminar for Math Training Elective

Kiel F. Granada

Philippine Science High School – Main Campus

Session 1

July 17, 2010

KFGranada Basic LATEXTypesetting

What is LATEX?Software RequirementsTEXMAKER Basics

What is LATEX?

A document markup language and a document preparation systemfor the TEXTypesetting Program.

How LATEX Works

file.tex

source file

file.dvi file.ps file.pdf

outputs

latex dvips ps2pdf

pdflatex

What do we need to create LATEX documents?

A TEX distribution like TEX Live!

A LATEX editor like TEXMAKER

TEXMAKER Basics

TEXMAKER is a free cross-platform LATEX editor.

TEXMAKER Command Shortcuts

latex – F2

dvips – F4

ps2pdf – F8

pdflatex – F6

View DVI – F3

View PS – F5

View PDF – F7

Document ClassesOptionsPreamble Declarations

The TEX File: Document Structure

\ document c l a s s [ op t i on s ]{ a r t i c l e }

preamble%comments

\ beg i n {document }

\end{document }

General Syntax

command format

\command [ op t i on s ]{ argument}

environment markers

\ beg i n { env i ronment }

con t en t

\end{ env i ronment }

Achtung!

LATEX is case-sensitive.

Exercise 1

Create your first LATEX document.

1. Launch TEXMAKER.

2. Create a new file.

3. Type the following basic structure:

\ documen tc l a s s{ a r t i c l e }

\ beg i n {document}

\ end{document}

Exercise 1

4. In the document’s body, list the first 10 prime numbers.

5. Save as Ex1.tex.

6. Compile to PDF by pressing F6 .

7. View PDF by pressing F7 .

Document Classes

article – for short papers

report

letter

slides

beamer – for slide presentations

Document Options

\documentclass[options]{article}Font Size – 10pt, 11pt, 12pt

Paper Size – a4paper, letterpaper

Orientation – landscape

Layout – twocolumn

Equation Display – fleqn, leqno

Example

\ documen tc l a s s [ 1 1 pt , twocolumn ]{ a r t i c l e }

Preamble Contents

Document Labels

(title, subtitle, author, institute, date)

Package Declarations

Syntax: \usepackage{package1, package2, · · · }

General Formatting and Declarations

(page margins, line spacing, etc.)

Exercise 2

Create a “titled” LATEX document.

1. Launch TEXMAKER and type the basic structure.

2. In the preamble, set your own document labels.

Example:

\ t i t l e {Bas i c \LaTeX \ , T yp e s e t t i n g }\ author { K i e l F . Granada}\ date { Ju l y 20 , 2010}

Exercise 2

3. In the document’s body, type:

\maketitle4. Save as Ex2.tex.

5. Compile and view.

Close PDF reader before running pdflatex.

Follow-up Exercise

Try out the options: 11pt, 12pt, twocolumn

Commonly Used Packages

amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb

amsthm

fullpage

multicol

setspace

Simplest Declaration

\ usepackage{amsmath , amsfonts , amssymb , amsthm ,f u l l p a g e , mu l t i c o l , s e t s p a c e }

Page Numbers, Margins and Line SpacingHandy Commands

\pagestyle{empty}

\setlength{\topmargin}{-0.5in}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.5in}\setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.5in}\setlength{\textwidth}{7.27in}\setlength{\textheight}{10.69in}

\doublespacing\singlespacing\onehalfspacing

Other DeclarationsHandy Commands

\definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0,0.08,0.45}\color{darkblue}

\DeclareMathOperator{\cis}{cis}

\usepackage[none]{hyphenat}

Exercise 3

Modify Ex2.tex for its output to meet the following specifications:

Font size: 12 pt

Orientation: portrait

Layout: two-column

Margins: 1.5” left, 1” right, 1.25” top and bottom

Spacing: double-spaced

Hyphenation: on

ParagraphsFont Sizes and StylesList Environments

White Spaces, Lines and IndentationIllustration: Source

It is a pleasure to thank those who read the first

draft of this paper and particularly to N. Katz who

patiently answered many questions in the course of

this project, listened to many false trails, and

together with Illusie read the original draft of

Chapter 3.

Several others made valuable suggestions and

criticisms of this paper,

especially Diamond,

de Shalit,

Ribet, Rubin and Taylor.

White Spaces, Lines and IndentationIllustration: Output

It is a pleasure to thank those who read the first draft ofthis paper and particularly to N. Katz who patiently answered manyquestions in the course of this project, listened to many false trails,and together with Illusie read the original draft of Chapter 3.

Several others made valuable suggestions and criticisms of thispaper, especially Diamond, de Shalit, Ribet, Rubin and Taylor.

White Spaces, Lines and IndentationHandy Commands

white spaces – \, \: \;spaces between paragraphs– \smallskip, \medskip, \bigskip, \vspace{1in}new line – \newline or \\new page – \newpageremove indentation – \noindent

Paragraph Alignments

\ beg in { f l u s h l e f t }l e f t

\end{ f l u s h l e f t }

\ beg in { c en t e r }c en t e r

\ end{ c en t e r }

\ beg in { f l u s h r i g h t }r i g h t

\ end{ f l u s h r i g h t }

center

Font Sizes

{\tiny text} text

{\scriptsize text} text

{\footnotesize text} text

{\small text} text

{\normalsize text} text{\large text} text{\Large text} text{\LARGE text} text

{\huge text} text

{\Huge text} text

Font Styles

\textbf{text} text

\underline{text} text\textit{text} text

\emph{text} text

\texttt{text} text

List Environments

enumerate

1. Items2. are3. numbered.

itemize

Itemsarebulleted.

description

Labels areindented with

the items.

\ beg in { enumerate }\ i t em numbered

\ i t em i t ems

\ end{ enumerate }

\ beg in { i t em i z e }\ i t em b u l l e t e d

\ i t em l i s t

\ end{ i t em i z e }

\ beg in { d e s c r i p t i o n }\ i t em i n d en t ed

\ i t em l a b e l s

\ end{ d e s c r i p t i o n }

Exercise 4 – “Decode Me”

Create a LATEX document with the given output Ex4.pdf.Font size is 12 pt and page has 1” margin in all sides.

Math ModesSome Math Symbols and CommandsUseful Math Structures

Math Modes

paragraph mode

$ math content $ \begin{math}math content

\end{math}

display mode

$$ math content $$ \begin{displaymath}math content

\end{displaymath}

Math ModesExample: Source

S inc e $x = 1$ and $y = −2$ , we can now e a s i l y ge t thev a l u e o f $z$ u s i n g any o f the t h r e e e qua t i o n s .

From Eq . 1 , we have

$$ 2(1) − (−2) + z = 5$$$$2 + 2 + z = 5$$

There fo re , $z = 1$ .

Math ModesExample: Output

Since x = 1 and y = −2, we can now easily get the value ofz using any of the three equations.

From Eq. 1, we have

2(1) − (−2) + z = 5

2 + 2 + z = 5

Therefore, z = 1.

Exercise 5 – “Quick Decode”

Complex numbers are of the form a + bi , where a and b are realnumbers and i =

√−1.

You may use TEXMAKER’s Math dropdown menu.

Basic Operations

+−\ t imes\ d i v\pm

Relation Symbols

\ l e q\geq\neq

Subscripts and Superscripts

ˆ{ s u p e r s c r i p t }{ s u b s c r i p t }

Fractions and Radicals

\ f r a c { numerator }{ denominator}\ d f r a c { numerator }{ denominator}

\ s q r t { r a d i c a nd }\ s q r t [ i ndex ]{ r a d i c a nd }

Exercise 6 - “Quick Encode”

Typeset the Quadratic Formula.

Sets and Set Operations

\mathbb{N, W, Z , Q, R}\Re

\ f o r a l l x \ i n \mathbb{Z}\ e x i s t s y \not \ i n \mathbb{N}

A \cup BA \ cap B

N,W,Z,Q,R

ℜ∀x ∈ Z

∃y 6∈ N

A ∪ B

A ∩ B

Equations

\ beg i n { equa t i on }nP r = \ d f r a c {n !}{ ( n−r ) ! }

\ end{ equa t i on }

\ beg i n { equa t i on }nC r = \ d f r a c {n !}{ ( n−r ) ! r !}

\ end{ equa t i on }

\ beg i n { equa t i on ∗}nC r = nC {n−r }

\ end{ equa t i on ∗}

nPr =n!

(n − r)!(1)

nCr =n!

(n − r)!r !(2)

nCr =n Cn−r

The equation environment is not written inside $ $.

Equation Arrays

\ beg i n { eqna r r a y ∗}x &=& 5 − (−1) + 3\\&=& 5 + 1 + 3\\x &=& 9\end{ eqna r r a y }

\ beg i n { eqna r r a y }equa t i on1 &a l i g n he r e&\\equa t i on2 &a l i g n he r e&\\equa t i on3 &a l i g n he r e&\end{ eqna r r a y }

x = 5− (−1) + 3

= 5 + 1 + 3

Theorems and ProofsExample: Source

\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem }

\ beg i n {thm } [ Fermat ’ s La s t Theorem ]The d i ophan t i n e equa t i on $xˆn + yˆn = zˆn$has no n o n t r i v i a l s o l u t i o n s f o r $n\geq 3$ .\end{thm}

\ beg i n { p r oo f }‘ ‘ I have d i s c o v e r e d a t r u l y r ema rkab l e p r oo fwhich t h i s margin i s too sma l l to con t a i n . ”\end{ p r oo f }

Theorems and Proofs

Theorem (Fermat’s Last Theorem)

The diophantine equation xn + yn = zn has no nontrivial solutions

for n ≥ 3.

Proof.

“I have discovered a truly remarkable proof which this margin istoo small to contain.”

Assignment

Part 1

Encode the proof that√2 is irrational.

Part 2

Encode the derivation of the quadratic formula.

Send yourlastname1.tex and yourlastname2.tex tokielgranada@yahoo.com by Friday, July 23, 2010, 5pm.

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