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Presenter: A.M. Muazzam HusainAudience: World Rice Research ConferenceDate Presented: October, 2007Subject Country: Bangladesh
Citation preview
EVALUATION OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE
INTENSIFICATION IN BANGLADESH
Prof. A. M. Muazzam Husain
BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
WRRC, Tokyo-Tsukuba, JapanNovember 4-7, 2004
A system of irrigated rice crop management to significantly increase production through changes and integration of the management of rice plants, soil, water and nutrients.
• Does not depend upon high-cost modern inputs• Reduces farmers’ costs of production• Helps make crop production more sustainable
and is environment friendly• Easily accessible to resource-poor farmers• Enhancement of food security
What is SRI?What is SRI?
Rice is main staple crop – 75% of cropped area High density of population – small farm size,
majority of farmers resource-poor HYV adoption increased production – but yield
growth has leveled out, with reduced profitability Hybrid rice and biotechnology may increase
productivity but dependent on high- cost inputs Biotech is still a debatable technology, with
possible health and environmental risk
Relevance to BangladeshRelevance to Bangladesh
Rice Sector Needs of BangladeshRice Sector Needs of Bangladesh
Substantial & sustainable increase in yields – to release land for high-value crops
Reduction in cost of production & increase in profitability for farmers
Reduced requirement for high-cost inputs like fertilizer, irrigation water, and insecticides
Environment- friendly sustainable agriculture SRI has shown the potential to meet all of
these needs of the BD agricultural sector
SRI Trials in BangladeshSRI Trials in Bangladesh
Started in 1999 after Bellagio Conference paper on SRI reached BD
Dept. of Agric. Extension (DAE) and NGOs conducted initial trials in farmers’ fields
BRRI conducted on-station trials Trials in farmers’ fields gave encouraging
results but BRRI on–station trials did not Need for systematic evaluation -- PETRRA
funded 3 sub-projects carried out over two consecutive Boro season trials (2002 – 2004)
Findings from PETRRA evaluationsFindings from PETRRA evaluations
Sub-Project 36 02
Implemented by 3 NGOs (BRAC, SAFE, POSD) and a private company (Syngenta BD Ltd.)
Participatory trials conducted in farmers’ fields in 4 districts, 8 sub–districts (upazila): in 2002-03, N = 487 farmers; in 2003-04, N = 791 farmers (plus 237)
Results for both seasons were found encouraging:• Number of participating farmers increased by
62% (111%) during second year• Area under SRI increased by 91%
AGRONOMIC FINDINGSAGRONOMIC FINDINGS
Tillers per hill were 95% higher during 1st season and 60% higher during 2nd season than under FP
Effective tillers were 94% and 122% higher during the 2 seasons respectively
Length of panicle 11% higher in both seasons
Weight of 1000 grains 14% – 18% higher
Fig. 1: SRI yield gains, 2002 - 03
6.3
4 7.0
3
6.1
5.9
5.2
5 5.9
4.7
8.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
BRAC POSD SAFE Syngenta
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
SRI Farmers' practice
Fig. 2: SRI yield gains, 2003 - 04
8.6
9
6.5
7 7.5
2
6.36
.71
5.2
4 6.1
2
5.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
BRAC POSD SAFE Syngenta
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
SRI Farmers' practice
Table 1. Yield gains of SRI over FP
Partners SRI yield gains 2002-03
(%)
SRI yield gains 2003-04
(%)
BRAC 37 30
POSD 21 25
SAFE 19 23
Syngenta 30 24
4526
2
3825
7
4210
0
2776
5
2486
3
2412
0 3186
5
1665
5
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
BRAC POSD SAFE Syngenta
Net
retu
rn (T
k/ha
)
SRI Farmers' practice
Fig. 3: Comparative net returns, 2002 - 03Fig. 3: Comparative net returns, 2002 - 03
ECONOMIC EVALUATIONECONOMIC EVALUATION
Because of reductions in the cost of production while yield increased, farmers’ net returns were increased – more than 50% on average
Fig. 4: Comparative net returns, 2003 - 04
4477
2
3980
1 5155
7
2823
8
2593
9
2458
4
3812
4
1898
8
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
BRAC POSD SAFE Syngenta
Net
ret
urn
(Tk/
ha)
SRI Farmers' practice
Table 2: Profitability increase with SRITable 2: Profitability increase with SRI
2002-03 2003-04
Partner organisations
Profitability gain with SRI
(%)
Profitability gain with SRI
(%)
BRAC 82 73
POSD 59 62
SAFE 32 35
Syngenta 67 59
Perceptions of farmers on SRIPerceptions of farmers on SRI
No. of farmers and area under SRI increased Farmers confirmed increased yield from SRI Did not face any major pest/insect problems Thought that healthier SRI plants were more
resistant to pests/insects Larger no. of farmers used organic manure –
but needed training on preparing compost Faced irrigation management problems –
these need community approach to solve
More perceptions of farmers on SRIMore perceptions of farmers on SRI
Partial SRI adoption was favored by many farmers in some areas – accepting easier practices such as early transplantation with reduced no. of seedlings and wider spacing
Difficult practices included:
- applying compost or organic manure
- alternate drying and wetting of fields However, even partial adoption had definite
positive effect on yield and profitability
Findings from Sub-Project 34 02Findings from Sub-Project 34 02
Implemented by BD Rice Research Institute (BRRI) with local NGO partner
Trials were conducted in farmers’ fields in one district (N = 20 farmers, then 35)
Results for both seasons were positive – no detailed data on 2nd season
SRI results were found to be better than both FP and BRRI practices
Table 3: Agronomic performanceTable 3: Agronomic performance
Agronomic features
SRI BRRI FP
Panicles (m2)
296 270 226
Filled grains per panicle
78 65 52
Grain wt per 1000 grains
No significant difference
Table 4: Comparative yields, returns, Table 4: Comparative yields, returns, and BCR of SRI, BRRI and FPand BCR of SRI, BRRI and FP
Indicator SRI BRRI FP
Yield (t.ha-1) 6.03 5.79 4.06
Net returns (Tk ha-1)
51,255 49,215 34,510
Benefit-cost ratio (BCR)
1.9 1.8 1.3
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PERFORMANCESOCIO-ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
SRI yields and net returns were 49% higher than FP and 4% higher than BRRI
Farmers’ perceptions in the area toward SRI were positive; also many farmers started their own partial adoption of SRI
SRI was considered as specially suitable for resource-poor farmers
Findings from Sub-Project 35 02Findings from Sub-Project 35 02
Implemented by BRRI with NGO partner in three districts Trials were conducted both on research station and in farmers’ fields (N = 32 farmers, and then 39 farmers) SRI yields in one district were 17.5% higher than under FP during 1st seasonIn 2nd season, SRI yields were 13% to 20% greater
Further Findings from Sub-Project 35 02Further Findings from Sub-Project 35 02
In the two other districts, 1st season SRI yields were less than FP, but then they were higher during the 2nd season SRI costs were higher than FP in these trials:
- Labour costs 19% higher
- Irrigation cost 33% higher
Summary of SP 35 02 FindingsSummary of SP 35 02 Findings
Average net returns from SRI were similar to FP Many of the SRI practices were followed incorrectly,
which affected the results Farmers’ perception of SRI was reported to be mixed However, farmer opinion was said to be universal in
favour of ‘improved practices’ (modified SRI) DAE and other extension organizations working with
project are showing interest to disseminate SRI Many local farmers have already started partial
adoption of SRI Report recommends further field verification of SRI
SRI NATIONAL WORKSHOP, 2003SRI NATIONAL WORKSHOP, 2003
Seven papers presented - 3 by BRRI staff, and 4 by NGO/ DAE extension specialists
Two BRRI papers did not have much positive to report, but the 3rd was highly encouraging
NGO/ DAE papers found encouraging results Gap between views of scientists and extension
specialists was apparent The farmers present expressed firmly positive
views on SRI
WORKSHOP RECOMMENDATIONSWORKSHOP RECOMMENDATIONS
Initiate integrated and coordinated approach to evaluation and extension involving farmers, scientists and extension workers ( GO/NGO)
Conduct further trials and experiments on SRI to determine its potential in BD
Seek donor assistance for the above
Some Limitations of SRI and EvaluationSome Limitations of SRI and Evaluation
Trials were conducted for a short period Lack of proper understanding of SRI In some cases, faulty application was
made of SRI practices Lack of organic manure Problems faced in irrigation management Proper weeding not done to save costs Cost-effectiveness required in weeding
OVERALL FINDINGS ON SRI IN BDOVERALL FINDINGS ON SRI IN BD
Overall experience shows encouraging picture Agronomic findings are favourable – with more tillers,
effective tillers, larger panicles, more filled grain, etc. Grain quality was also found to be better Yield increases were significant in most cases, up to
49% higher than yields with FP Profitability was much higher, up to 82% more Farmers’ perception was highly positive; many also
have adopted partial SRI on their own Extension personnel (GO/NGO) have positive attitude Some scientists have taken a positive attitude, some
others are still skeptical – no consensus
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
SRI has shown its potential for improving yield and profits of farmers in Bangladesh
Gap still persists between results of researchers on-station and farmers’ fields
Further trials and experimentation on various aspects of SRI are needed
Government and donor support for more SRI trials can be well justified
GO/NGO collaboration is also needed
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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