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Langattoman tietoliikenteen kehitysnäkymiäInfotech-päivä, Oulu, 31.10.2002
Yrjö NeuvoTeknologiajohtaja, Nokia Mobile Phones
Outline of the Presentation
• Development of Mobile Phones
• Technology Trends
• Phone Architecture Examples
• Application Enablers
• Radio Technologies
• Concluding Remarks
Development ofMobile Phones
Weight
Volume
Standby time
Talk time
Electronic components
475 g
339 cc
15 h
67 cc
400 h
135 min
84 g
80 min
<350
Nokia 1011Release: 1992
Nokia 8310Release: autumn 2001
>1000
GSM900 GSM900/1800, HSCSD, GPRS, FM-radio, infra red, voice control, ...
What Has Changed in TenYears in Mobile Phones?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Mill
ion
un
its
( P
DA
, WL
AN
)
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Mill
ion
un
its
( M
ob
ile T
erm
inal
)
PDAWLANMobile terminal
Cellular Phones, WLAN and PDAsSources. PDA: Gartner Dec. 2000.
WLAN: Gartner Aug. 2001.Cellular: Strategy Analytics March 2001.
Development Is Driven by Moore’s and Metcalfe’s Laws
Value = users^2
Users
Millions of transistors on a chip
0200400600800
1000120014001600
1999 2001 2003 2006 2009 2012Year of shipment
Source: Semiconductor Industry Association roadmap
Evolving Product Category MatrixFUNCTIONALITY DIMENSION
Imaging Media
Premium
Fashion
Classic
Active
Expression
Basic
STYL
E DI
MEN
SIO
N
APPLICATIONAREAS
STYLEVoice Entertainment Business
Applications
Technology Trends
The Main Terminal Technology TrendsGigaByte mobile memoriesprovide immediate access to all your favorite music tracks,
games & data
Mega-pixel colordisplay improves your
service experience
New form factors and service concepts match with
your personal lifestyle
Mobile, PC & Internet complement each other & increase
your service consumption
High data speed connectiongives you access to Internet
services all the time
Java programs and services of your choice are available
Your combination of voice, video, messaging and browsing during the
same rich callNovel usage patterns like group gaming and content sharing
with your community
DSP code
The Amount of Software inElectronics Is Growing Considerably
MCU SW
1st gendigital Source: NMP
WCDMAAnalog
… While the Dimensions Are Shrinkingcc
350
8 cc (AA size)20 cc (display/kbd
included) 3 cc3 cc
BatteryUI and MechanicsEngineAntenna
GSM handportables
relative usagetime
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
GB Memory Technologies
Yes
0,1/10
60?
0,5
0,34
Excellent
15/15
PFRAM
YesNoNoYesInterfaces available
1/100 mW50/100056/660 mW1/50 mWPower consumption Idle/active
50?~200 (the drive cost)~250200-5004GB total cost ($)
16
7,74
Poor
3.75/3.75
Optical disk
ExcellentModestExcellentMechanical robustness
3.0/3.02.6-4.2/2.6-4.214/6Read/write speed (MB/s)
1,067,741,064GB size (cm^3)
3162,44GB weight (g)
MEMSMicrodriveNAND flash or compatible
Colour Displays Add Value to User Experience
176 x 208
One-hand operated Feature Platform
XHTMLJavaMMS
Symbian OS
Series 60
128 x 12896 x 65
Cost drivenplatform
Size drivenColour platform
XHTMLJavaMMS
Nokia OS
XHTMLJavaMMS
Nokia OS
Series 30 Series 40
640 x 200
Two-hand operated Feature Platform
HTMLJavaMMS
Symbian OS
Series 80
Energy Source Technology Development Estimate
Today
Small size fuel cell system Estimated performance limits
Needs breakthrough to industrialize:
Better efficiencyFuel delivery Infrastructure
Li-ion & Li-polymer
New CathodeAdvantages:Higher EnergyLower Material Cost
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Performance and Benefit
New AnodeAdvantages:Many times larger energy than graphite
Phone Architecture Examples
Triple Band GSM RF Architecture
2G Digital Cellular Baseband HW Architecture (system and user interface hardware)
RFI+ CODEC
BUS
ChargerSwitch IC
Flash
ASIC
Menu Memory
Display
STD
STD
ASIC
RF
Keypad
i
RegulatorASIC
(ST)
ASIC
ASIC
MCU
DSP
System logic
SRAM ROM
Displaydriver
Battery
+ -
Charger
Volt: 4 V(Lithium)
+
+
+
EEPROM
STD
STD
SRAM
SIMctrl
SIMI/O
• Applications processed with the same MCU/DSP as air interface protocols
3G: Multimedia Architecture
ASIC
RFIF
System LogicDSPMCUSRAM
Audio CodecBB regulatorsEnergy mgmt
ASIC
Battery
+ -Volt: V
(Li) Charger
SDRAMSTD
SIMI/O
I/O
Keypad
Display
Camera
FlashSTD
MMC SDMemorystick
STD
System Chip
Analog Chip
BTCellular
Transmitter
CellularSynthesizer
FlashSTD
HW acceler.DSPMCUSRAM
ASIC
GPS
MultimediaChip
CellularReceiver
Memory architecture is the most criticalelement in multimedia architecture !
ApplicationEnablers
Scalable Polyphony MIDI
• Software MIDI synthesizer to maximise flexibility• Playback with the whole range of phones• SP MIDI compatible with standard MIDI – interoperability through
using same files in different devices• Compact format – requires less than 10 times less space than MP3
• 3GPP SP-MIDI profile defines the device requirements for polyphony levels up to 24
Playback example 2: Techno.mid• 4 simultaneous notes• 8 simultaneous notes• 14 simultaneous notes
All samples were recorded at sampling rate Fs = 16 kHz
AMR Wideband Speech Codec
• New 3GPP codec extends audio bandwidth from 3.4 to 7 kHz and offers superior voice quality for 3G mobile systems
• Chosen also by ITU-T: the first time the same codechas been adopted for both wireless and wirelineservices
• Jointly developed by Nokiaand VoiceAge
Subjective Speech Quality in Function of Channel Quality
Error-free CI=13dB CI=10dB CI=7dB CI=4dB
Subj
ectiv
e Sp
eech
Qua
lity
AMR-WBAMR-NBEFRPSTN Quality
Excellent
Very good
Good
Poor
Unacceptable
AMR-WB DEMO 12.2 kbit/s GSM EFR narrowband vs.. 12.65 kbit/s AMR-WB
SIP and All-IP
• SIP will be fully utilized with All-IP mobile networks for both non real-time and real-time rich services
• Non Real-Time Services includingPresence and (Instant) Messaging
• Gaming, …
• Nokia is very active in 3G standardization and in setting 3G mobile and IP convergence related SIP requirements for IETF
SIP sessions
WirelessPDA
(SIP) phone
PC
Laptop withWLAN
Mobile
Great day today!Tuula promised to arrange something for tonight,
I wonder what she hascome up with?
Open Mobile Architecture –Engine For Future Growth
Current Situation Target Situation
Telecomlayer
Serviceplatform
Serviceoffering
Terminaloffering
Operator 1 Operator NOperator 3Operator 2
Supplier 1 Supplier NSupplier 3Supplier 2
Operator 1 Operator NOperator 3Operator 2
Operator 1 Operator NOperator 3Operator 2
Uniform Service Platform (Numerous Suppliers)
Interoperable Terminal Offering (Numerous Vendors)
Uniform telecom standards (GSM, 3G) Uniform telecom standards (GSM, 3G)
Mobile Industry Structure
• Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)• Unprecedented cooperation between mobile,
IT and content industries
• Open standards and shared architecture
enable a non-fragmented market
• Presently over 200 companies committed
• Unique industry structure
www.openmobilealliance.org
Open Interfaces and 3rd Party Applications
• Change from telecom driven to Internet driven world requires openness from all parties
• Developers and other industries are entering the market
• Good examples in present terminals –and it’s only the beginning
27 © NOKIA Matti Alahuhta Comdex Nordic 2002
3G RadioTechnologies
Global Evolution to 3G Multiradio Networks
cdma2000 1xEV-DV
cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSM
TDMA
cdmaOne cdma2000 1x
UMTS Multiradio Network
WCDMA
GSM/GPRS/EDGEGSM/GPRS
PDC
HSDPA
3G Phase 1 Evolving 3G NetworksFirst Steps to 3G2G
•GSM/EDGE/WCDMA will create one seamless 3G Multiradiosystem with a common services core network
•GSM has already 700 million users
2G/3G and Beyond: Mobility vs. data rateM
obili
ty
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Stationary
WCDMA Rel 5 WLAN802.11b
Diversity
techniques
WCDM
A Rel 4 Adaptive
Modulation Di
versi
ty
tech
niqu
es
Cdma2000 1X, EDGE = Evolved 2G
WLAN802.11a
HL/2
Evolved 3G 4G
0.1 1 10 100 1000Data Rate (Mbps)
Complementing Cellular
• WLAN is an important indoor tehnology in the overall radio technology picture
• Key WLAN standards on unlicensed & shared, ”non protected” bands:
• IEEE 802.11b: 11Mbit/s @ 2.4Ghz, and IEEE 802.11a: 54Mbit/s @ 5 GHz
• ”Uncoordinated deployment”, e.g. not guaranteed roaming or throughput everywhere/outdoors (private, ISM bands, …)
• 3GPP is specifying the UMTS/WLAN interworking (Target: R6 / '03)
• Bluetooth offers high data rates in near environment:• Specification radio channel data rate:
1 Mbps, throughput maximum: 700 kbps,connection setup time varies now between 0-2.5 s
Concluding Remarks
Key enablers in place from H2 2002 onwards
• GPRS/EDGE & 1X (CDMA) to account for more than 50% of all phone shipments in 2003
• Half of Nokia’s phone volumes will be MMSenabled by the end of 2002
• Nokia will have more than 10 different colourmodels shipping by the end of 2002
• Nokia will ship tens of millions of Java enabled phones in 2002
• Nokia will inroduce XHTML in several models in H2 2002
Despite the Technological Advances......It´s All about People!
New devices, applications and
services are driven by
consumer needs,usability and acceptance!
Nokia needs expertise from manydisciplines - and across them!
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