Langattoman tietoliikenteen kehitysnäkymiäInfotech-päivä, Oulu, 31.10.2002

Yrjö NeuvoTeknologiajohtaja, Nokia Mobile Phones

Outline of the Presentation

• Development of Mobile Phones

• Technology Trends

• Phone Architecture Examples

• Application Enablers

• Radio Technologies

• Concluding Remarks

Development ofMobile Phones

Weight

Volume

Standby time

Talk time

Electronic components

475 g

339 cc

15 h

67 cc

400 h

135 min

84 g

80 min

<350

Nokia 1011Release: 1992

Nokia 8310Release: autumn 2001

>1000

GSM900 GSM900/1800, HSCSD, GPRS, FM-radio, infra red, voice control, ...

What Has Changed in TenYears in Mobile Phones?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mill

ion

un

its

( P

DA

, WL

AN

)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Mill

ion

un

its

( M

ob

ile T

erm

inal

)

PDAWLANMobile terminal

Cellular Phones, WLAN and PDAsSources. PDA: Gartner Dec. 2000.

WLAN: Gartner Aug. 2001.Cellular: Strategy Analytics March 2001.

Development Is Driven by Moore’s and Metcalfe’s Laws

Value = users^2

Users

Millions of transistors on a chip

0200400600800

1000120014001600

1999 2001 2003 2006 2009 2012Year of shipment

Source: Semiconductor Industry Association roadmap

Evolving Product Category MatrixFUNCTIONALITY DIMENSION

Imaging Media

Premium

Fashion

Classic

Active

Expression

Basic

STYL

E DI

MEN

SIO

N

APPLICATIONAREAS

STYLEVoice Entertainment Business

Applications

Technology Trends

The Main Terminal Technology TrendsGigaByte mobile memoriesprovide immediate access to all your favorite music tracks,

games & data

Mega-pixel colordisplay improves your

service experience

New form factors and service concepts match with

your personal lifestyle

Mobile, PC & Internet complement each other & increase

your service consumption

High data speed connectiongives you access to Internet

services all the time

Java programs and services of your choice are available

Your combination of voice, video, messaging and browsing during the

same rich callNovel usage patterns like group gaming and content sharing

with your community

DSP code

The Amount of Software inElectronics Is Growing Considerably

MCU SW

1st gendigital Source: NMP

WCDMAAnalog

… While the Dimensions Are Shrinkingcc

350

8 cc (AA size)20 cc (display/kbd

included) 3 cc3 cc

BatteryUI and MechanicsEngineAntenna

GSM handportables

relative usagetime

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

GB Memory Technologies

Yes

0,1/10

60?

0,5

0,34

Excellent

15/15

PFRAM

YesNoNoYesInterfaces available

1/100 mW50/100056/660 mW1/50 mWPower consumption Idle/active

50?~200 (the drive cost)~250200-5004GB total cost ($)

16

7,74

Poor

3.75/3.75

Optical disk

ExcellentModestExcellentMechanical robustness

3.0/3.02.6-4.2/2.6-4.214/6Read/write speed (MB/s)

1,067,741,064GB size (cm^3)

3162,44GB weight (g)

MEMSMicrodriveNAND flash or compatible

Colour Displays Add Value to User Experience

176 x 208

One-hand operated Feature Platform

XHTMLJavaMMS

Symbian OS

Series 60

128 x 12896 x 65

Cost drivenplatform

Size drivenColour platform

XHTMLJavaMMS

Nokia OS

XHTMLJavaMMS

Nokia OS

Series 30 Series 40

640 x 200

Two-hand operated Feature Platform

HTMLJavaMMS

Symbian OS

Series 80

Energy Source Technology Development Estimate

Today

Small size fuel cell system Estimated performance limits

Needs breakthrough to industrialize:

Better efficiencyFuel delivery Infrastructure

Li-ion & Li-polymer

New CathodeAdvantages:Higher EnergyLower Material Cost

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Performance and Benefit

New AnodeAdvantages:Many times larger energy than graphite

Phone Architecture Examples

Triple Band GSM RF Architecture

2G Digital Cellular Baseband HW Architecture (system and user interface hardware)

RFI+ CODEC

BUS

ChargerSwitch IC

Flash

ASIC

Menu Memory

Display

STD

STD

ASIC

RF

Keypad

i

RegulatorASIC

(ST)

ASIC

ASIC

MCU

DSP

System logic

SRAM ROM

Displaydriver

Battery

+ -

Charger

Volt: 4 V(Lithium)

+

+

+

EEPROM

STD

STD

SRAM

SIMctrl

SIMI/O

• Applications processed with the same MCU/DSP as air interface protocols

3G: Multimedia Architecture

ASIC

RFIF

System LogicDSPMCUSRAM

Audio CodecBB regulatorsEnergy mgmt

ASIC

Battery

+ -Volt: V

(Li) Charger

SDRAMSTD

SIMI/O

I/O

Keypad

Display

Camera

FlashSTD

MMC SDMemorystick

STD

System Chip

Analog Chip

BTCellular

Transmitter

CellularSynthesizer

FlashSTD

HW acceler.DSPMCUSRAM

ASIC

GPS

MultimediaChip

CellularReceiver

Memory architecture is the most criticalelement in multimedia architecture !

ApplicationEnablers

Scalable Polyphony MIDI

• Software MIDI synthesizer to maximise flexibility• Playback with the whole range of phones• SP MIDI compatible with standard MIDI – interoperability through

using same files in different devices• Compact format – requires less than 10 times less space than MP3

• 3GPP SP-MIDI profile defines the device requirements for polyphony levels up to 24

Playback example 2: Techno.mid• 4 simultaneous notes• 8 simultaneous notes• 14 simultaneous notes

All samples were recorded at sampling rate Fs = 16 kHz

AMR Wideband Speech Codec

• New 3GPP codec extends audio bandwidth from 3.4 to 7 kHz and offers superior voice quality for 3G mobile systems

• Chosen also by ITU-T: the first time the same codechas been adopted for both wireless and wirelineservices

• Jointly developed by Nokiaand VoiceAge

Subjective Speech Quality in Function of Channel Quality

Error-free CI=13dB CI=10dB CI=7dB CI=4dB

Subj

ectiv

e Sp

eech

Qua

lity

AMR-WBAMR-NBEFRPSTN Quality

Excellent

Very good

Good

Poor

Unacceptable

AMR-WB DEMO 12.2 kbit/s GSM EFR narrowband vs.. 12.65 kbit/s AMR-WB

SIP and All-IP

• SIP will be fully utilized with All-IP mobile networks for both non real-time and real-time rich services

• Non Real-Time Services includingPresence and (Instant) Messaging

• Gaming, …

• Nokia is very active in 3G standardization and in setting 3G mobile and IP convergence related SIP requirements for IETF

SIP sessions

WirelessPDA

(SIP) phone

PC

Laptop withWLAN

Mobile

Great day today!Tuula promised to arrange something for tonight,

I wonder what she hascome up with?

Open Mobile Architecture –Engine For Future Growth

Current Situation Target Situation

Telecomlayer

Serviceplatform

Serviceoffering

Terminaloffering

Operator 1 Operator NOperator 3Operator 2

Supplier 1 Supplier NSupplier 3Supplier 2

Operator 1 Operator NOperator 3Operator 2

Operator 1 Operator NOperator 3Operator 2

Uniform Service Platform (Numerous Suppliers)

Interoperable Terminal Offering (Numerous Vendors)

Uniform telecom standards (GSM, 3G) Uniform telecom standards (GSM, 3G)

Mobile Industry Structure

• Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)• Unprecedented cooperation between mobile,

IT and content industries

• Open standards and shared architecture

enable a non-fragmented market

• Presently over 200 companies committed

• Unique industry structure

www.openmobilealliance.org

Open Interfaces and 3rd Party Applications

• Change from telecom driven to Internet driven world requires openness from all parties

• Developers and other industries are entering the market

• Good examples in present terminals –and it’s only the beginning

27 © NOKIA Matti Alahuhta Comdex Nordic 2002

3G RadioTechnologies

Global Evolution to 3G Multiradio Networks

cdma2000 1xEV-DV

cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSM

TDMA

cdmaOne cdma2000 1x

UMTS Multiradio Network

WCDMA

GSM/GPRS/EDGEGSM/GPRS

PDC

HSDPA

3G Phase 1 Evolving 3G NetworksFirst Steps to 3G2G

•GSM/EDGE/WCDMA will create one seamless 3G Multiradiosystem with a common services core network

•GSM has already 700 million users

2G/3G and Beyond: Mobility vs. data rateM

obili

ty

Vehicular

Pedestrian

Stationary

WCDMA Rel 5 WLAN802.11b

Diversity

techniques

WCDM

A Rel 4 Adaptive

Modulation Di

versi

ty

tech

niqu

es

Cdma2000 1X, EDGE = Evolved 2G

WLAN802.11a

HL/2

Evolved 3G 4G

0.1 1 10 100 1000Data Rate (Mbps)

Complementing Cellular

• WLAN is an important indoor tehnology in the overall radio technology picture

• Key WLAN standards on unlicensed & shared, ”non protected” bands:

• IEEE 802.11b: 11Mbit/s @ 2.4Ghz, and IEEE 802.11a: 54Mbit/s @ 5 GHz

• ”Uncoordinated deployment”, e.g. not guaranteed roaming or throughput everywhere/outdoors (private, ISM bands, …)

• 3GPP is specifying the UMTS/WLAN interworking (Target: R6 / '03)

• Bluetooth offers high data rates in near environment:• Specification radio channel data rate:

1 Mbps, throughput maximum: 700 kbps,connection setup time varies now between 0-2.5 s

Concluding Remarks

Key enablers in place from H2 2002 onwards

• GPRS/EDGE & 1X (CDMA) to account for more than 50% of all phone shipments in 2003

• Half of Nokia’s phone volumes will be MMSenabled by the end of 2002

• Nokia will have more than 10 different colourmodels shipping by the end of 2002

• Nokia will ship tens of millions of Java enabled phones in 2002

• Nokia will inroduce XHTML in several models in H2 2002

Despite the Technological Advances......It´s All about People!

New devices, applications and

services are driven by

consumer needs,usability and acceptance!

Nokia needs expertise from manydisciplines - and across them!