View
213
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Write it Right
Written ReportReport to be handwritten
in any scheduled language on A-4 size (21 cm x 31 cm or 8.3” x 11.8”) plain paper
Word limit is 2500 (lower group) and 3500 (upper group)
Elements of Written ReportCover page, Abstract, Form-A, Index,
Introduction, Aims and Objectives, Hypothesis, Work plan, Methodology, Observations, Results, Data analysis, Conclusion, Inference, Solution, Future plan, Acknowledgements, References and Appendix
Log book is a must, reflects team work, to be submitted along with report
COVER PAGE
Title of the Project(Should be informative, specific, concise and self-explanatory)
Names and addresses of Team LeaderOther MembersGuide Teacher
DistrictState
ABSTRACTOne of the most important elements of a
scientific reportWord limit is 250 words (one A-4 size page)Summary of the report / work done including– question investigated– the methods used– the principal results and – conclusions
Wording should be clear and precise
(Abstract in English is mandatory)
INDEX
Contents page to have separate sections for
• subject matter (all the components of the report)
• figures (include titles given to chart (pie-chart), or graph, or photograph, or illustration or map) and
• tables (include titles or headings of your observation, result or data analysis tables )
INDEXS. No. Topic Page
No. 01 Introduction 01 02 Aims and objectives 02
list of figures –S. No. Title Page No. 01 Graph showing variation in temperatures 09 02 Pie-chart showing distribution of land forms 11 03 Photograph showing collection of fossils 13
list of tables –S. No. Title Page No. 01 Temperatures recorded during one month period 12 02 Varieties of butterfly species observed 14 03 Electric power consumption in homes 16
INTRODUCTION
At the top Title of the Project should be mentionedTitle should be informative, specific, concise, understandable and self-explanatory
The introduction should haveRelevant background informationNeed statement focusing on the overall issue, problem, or core / research questionOne or two but not more than three paragraphs
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
Should define very specifically Why this project has been selected?How this problem / issue would be addressed?
Keeping in mind that there isLimited time period and Limited localized geographical area
Avoid repeating introduction
HYPOTHESIS
In one or two statements, hypothesis should give an idea, based on known facts that has not yet been proven, about the problem selected
WORK PLAN
Define work plan, in schematic form or as a flow chart, preferably with time schedules
It might get deviated from schedule due to unforeseen circumstances, but having such a guideline always help
METHODOLOGYAfter work plan, decide upon method of
research in proposed work; survey, observation, and/or experimentation
Survey Involves using questionnaire for data
collectionQuestions should be specific On an average 20 relevant questions should be
asked Sample size 50 – 100 people should be
included in the studyInclude a copy of questionnaire
METHODOLOGY
ObservationsThough a part of survey work, may
or may not have questionnaire Recording of observations during
your field studies are included in this type of methodology
METHODOLOGY
ExperimentationDone with own hands, either in the
laboratory or at home or in the field Design of the experiment with proper
controls, number of readings, set of conditions, parameters, mathematical formula to be included
Detail experimental procedure, analytical techniques also to be included
OBSERVATIONS
This part contains all the observations or data collected related to survey, observation, and / or experimentation, ONLY
RESULTS
Results are the presentation of data collected during survey, observation and / or experimentation
Presentation could either be in the form of charts, graphs, maps, figures or tables etc
Should be simple to understandResults only describe and not
interpret findings
DATA ANALYSIS
Data presented under the results are analyzed, using principles of mathematics
Here only analysis part is shown
CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis, final opinion derived, after completing the project, is what forms the conclusion
INFERENCE
Inference, in fact, is the truthfulness of the opinion formed based on the outcome of the project
Check-point for hypothesis – accepted / rejected
SOLUTION
Since the problem selected is socially relevant, this part will highlight how the findings influence or have an impact on the society at large
FUTURE PLANS
For taking the work further, from where it has been concluded, future plans provide stepwise guidelines
It shows that the problem undertaken is open-ended
It ascertains continuity of efforts, gives sense of commitment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
An expression of gratefulness or thankfulness for the help received from different quarters; family and friends, any motivator, elders / seniors / peers, experts or resource persons, even a librarian, farm workers, people interviewed, laboratory assistants, photographer, anyone for that matter
A true reflection of team work
REFERENCES
All the resource material like books, newspaper articles / clippings, or internet, or even personal interview are to be mentioned
References, under each section, are given in alphabetical order
REFERENCES
For books -Name of the author(s)/editor(s) starting
with surnameTitle of the book (underlined) Edition (if available) Page numbers referredPublisherPlace and Year of publication
REFERENCESFor articles -Name of the author(s) starting with surnameYear of publication (within brackets) Title of the article (in italics) Title of the book / magazine / newspaper (underlined) Edition (for books, if available) Issue and volume numbers (for magazines) Page numbers referred PublisherPlace and Year of publication Or internet source starting with www.website referred
REFERENCES
For personal interviews -Name of the person(s) interviewedDate with month and year and Place of the interview
APPENDIX
All the letters, certificates issued by the concerned authorities, and / or survey sheets (filled up questionnaire) are to be attached at the end of the report
Each such document should bear a number, viz., appendix 1, appendix 2, and so on
LOG BOOK
This is one of the most important but neglected written documents
It is the mirror reflecting activity Provides all the answers related to
the projectCovers minute to minute
recordings, mentioned on daily basis, successes and failures, contacts and impressions
Than’Q
Recommended