World War II

World War II

VocabularyAtomic Bomb

BondConventional

CommunismD-DayFascismHolocaust

Internment Camp

Marshall Plan

Neutral Prohibit Totalitarian War Crime

Causes of WWIIA. Treaty of Versailles

1. Harshly punished Germany

B. The Great DepressionC. NationalismD. Rise of Dictators

Change in LeadershipA. Italy – Benito Mussolini over

threw the government in 19221. Became a Dictator2. Planned Italian expansion3. Based on Fascism

a) Needs of the nation above individual rights & freedoms

Link

Change in LeadershipA. Russia – Communist party formed

the USSR in 1922. 1. Communism – an economic

system based on the idea that farms and businesses should be owned by the workers who do the labor – no bosses.

2. Joseph Stalin becomes the Dictator.

Stalin in RussiaA. Communist party controls all

aspects of the government, economy, and society.

B. Stalin establishes a totalitarian state.1. Totalitarian – a governing

system in which the ruler controls all aspects of society and maintains power with the use of terror

Link

Change in LeadershipA. Germany – Great Depression

hit hard1. Banks closed2. Industry production cut in

half3. Farmers lost their farms

a) Food shortages B. Adolf Hitler stirs up Germany

Nationalism

Hitler in GermanyA. Create a powerful Germany - LinkB. Expand German territoryC. Believed that ethnic Germans

were superior to other people1. “Master Race”

a) Denied rights to non-Germans – especially Jews

D. 1933 – Nazi’s control German Government

Hitler in GermanyA. Hitler creates a government based

on Fascism1. Needs of the nation above

individual rights & freedomsB. Hitler establishes a totalitarian state

1. Totalitarian – a governing system in which the ruler controls all aspects of society and maintains power with the use of terror

2. All other political parties are banned

Change in Leadership

A. Japan – Military leaders sought to control the government and expand Japan’s territories.1. Invaded China

a) Gained raw materials for production

European ExpansionA. Italy – used military might to

invade East Africa (Ethiopia)B. Germany sent troops to the

Rhineland (This was Prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles) - Link

1. Prohibit – forbidden by authority, such as a law or treaty

C. Germany takes Austria and Czechoslovakia

Response to German Aggression

A. France and Great Britain – do not enforce the Treaty of Versailles

1. Do not want warB. Germany invades Poland – Sept 1,

1939 – WWII Begins - LinkC. France and Britain declare war.D. United States remained Neutral

1. Neutral – not supporting either side of war

Timeline – Take it out

The United States Enters the War

The Lend-Lease Act – The U.S. would provide nearly $50 Billion in war supplies to Britain, Russia and other to fight Germany and Japan

The United States Enters the War

December 7, 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor The U.S. Declares War on Japan.Germany declares war on the U.S.

War in Europe

A. Germany, Italy and Japan formed the “Axis Powers”

B. The U.S. focused on Germany at the start of the war.

C. Battle of Stalingrad – Russians defeated the Germans – This was a turning point in the war.

War in the PacificA. Battle of Midway – 1942,

the US turned away the Japanese fleet. This was turning point in the Pacific.

War in EuropeA. D-Day – June 6, 1944 – the

Allied invasion of German occupied friends

Island Hopping in the Pacific

A. The U.S. begins its offensive in the Pacific in August 1942 at Guadalcanal.

The remainder of the War in Europe

A. Big Three meet in Yalta to divide Germany

B. Allies capture Berlin – Germany Surrenders

C. Nuremburg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders on trial for War Crimes

1. War Crimes – breaking internationally accepted practices related to fighting wars

The remainder of the Pacific War

A. Battle for Iwo JimaB. U.S. drops the

Atomic Bomb 1. Atomic Bomb – a

powerful weapon who is violent energy comes from splitting and Atom

C. Japanese leaders on trial for war crimes against humanity

The Holocaust

1.This is a specific event

1.The Nazi persecution and murder of Jews and other minority groups

2. State sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany between 1933-1945

The Holocaust

The HolocaustOthers groups persecuted:

•Handicapped

•Poles

•others

The HolocaustWhy did it happen?

Nazi belief of superiority:

•“inferior races” seen as a threat that needed to be exterminated

The HolocaustWhy did it happen (cont…)?

Jews were blamed for:

•The poor economy

•WWI

•Spread of Communism

How did it happen (cont…)

1933 –

•Nuremberg Laws passed making Jews second class citizens

The Holocaust

How did it happen (cont…)

•Defined Jews not by religion, but by the religious affiliation of their grandparents.

The Holocaust

How did it happen (cont…)

Jews could not:

•Attend public school

•Own property

•Marry non-Jews

The Holocaust

How did it happen (cont…)

•Germany instituted an involuntary sterilization program•German looking children were taken and raised by German parents

The Holocaust

How did it happen (cont…)

•Development of Concentration Camps:

•Work camps

•Death Camps

The Holocaust

The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)

1939 –

•Destroyed Polish Culture

•Killed Polish Leaders

The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)

1941 –

•Mobile killing units (used in Russia)– “Einsatzgruppen”

The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)

•Following the invasion of Poland – 400 new Ghettos were set up for Jews

•3 million Polish Jews segregated

The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)

1942-1944

•Elimination of Ghettos

•Creation of extermination camps (gassing facilities)

The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)

6 killing sites:1.Elzec

2.Sobibor

3.Treblinka

4.Chelmno

5.Majdanek

6.Auschwitz-Birkenau

How did it happen (cont…)

Killing Centers were run by the SS (Germany’s Security Police)

More than 1.25 million killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau

The Holocaust

How did it happen (cont…)

•Men and women were separated at arrival

•Jews were led to “the showers” – gas chambers

•ZyKlon B

The Holocaust

How did World War II change the United States?

Life on the War Front More than 5 million

volunteered for military duty (10 million more were drafted)

3 months of “basic training” to be battle-ready GI’s (Government Issue)

More than half were sent overseas

How did World War II change the United States?

Life on the War Front cont… Soldiers in Combat

Ate canned and dried foods

No beds, toilet paper or showers

Lived outside a lot (cold night/hot days)

How did World War II change the United States?

Life on the War Front cont… Soldiers in Combat (292,000

Americans Died in WWII)

Loud and scary Death everywhere Did their job under terrible

circumstances Motivated by patriotism and

buddies

How did World War II change the United States?

Wartime Government U.S. Government changed the

U.S. into what President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the “arsenal of democracy”

War Productions Board Transformed American

factories into making war supplies

Banned production of “nonessential goods

How did World War II change the United States?

Wartime Government Supporting the war effort

The War cost a lot of money U.S. government borrowed

from banks, businesses, and individuals

Millions of Americans bought “War Bonds”

A certificate that pays interest

How did World War II change the United States?

Wartime Consumers: “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without”

Rationing system – limiting the amount of scarce items that any one individual could buy (Sugar, Meat, Butter, Coffee, Gas) Listen

Meat was used to feed soldiers Sugarcane was needed to make

gunpowder Coffee from SA was transported

on ships better used in battle

How did World War II change the United States?

Wartime Consumers: “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without”

Victory Gardens – backyard gardens producing one-third of all vegetables in the U.S.

Pocketless pants – To save fabric for the war effort, pants were made without pockets

How did World War II change the United States?

Women in WWII 6 Million women went to work in

factories Employers worried that women

were not strong enough for factory work.

Women proved they could do most any job.

Women were paid 60% of what men were paid

Most women were fired when the war ended

How did World War II change the United States?

Japanese Americans and the War After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor,

many citizens were suspicious of Japanese-Americans

People worried that Japanese-Americans might help Japan attack the west coast –CA

FDR ordered the removal of J-A from the west coast - 1942

120,000 J-A were forced into “Interment camps” (prison) for three years

How did World War II change the United States?

Japanese Americans and the War Japanese-Americans lived in

crowed camps No running water Barbed wire and armed guards

How did World War II change the United States?

African Americans and the War 900,000 African Americans served

in the military during WWII Segregated units - Many

assigned noncombat jobs Cooks, truck drivers, etc…

In combat Fighter pilots – Tuskegee

Airmen

How did World War II change the United States?

Mexican Americans and the War More than 500,000 Latinos

(mostly Mexican Americans) served in the military in WWII

Did not fight in segregated units

How did World War II change the United States?

Mexican Americans at home Many Mexicans farm workers

came to America to grow food Some moved to the cities

Zoot Suits – New fashion – Long jacket with baggy pants

Whites associated the Zoot Suits with gang violence

1943 – Zoot Suiters were attacked in LA setting off the Zoot Suit Riots

How did World War II change the United States?

Jewish Americans in the War The Holocaust

Jewish Americans protested the U.S. Government’s immigration laws

Marched on Washington Urged allies to rescue

Europe’s Jews More than 550,000 Jews served

in the military during WWII 52,000 decorations/awards

The End of the War President Roosevelt did not live to

see the end Died April 12, 1945 of a stroke

Harry S. Truman became President The Manhattan Project – top secret

program to build an atomic bomb August 6, 1945 – The U.S.

dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima killing 70,000 people. 3 days later Nagasaki is destroyed

Japan surrendered August 15, 1945