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World War II. Vocabulary. Internment Camp Marshall Plan Neutral Prohibit Totalitarian War Crime. Atomic Bomb Bond Conventional Communism D-Day Fascism Holocaust. Causes of WWII. Treaty of Versailles Harshly punished Germany The Great Depression Nationalism Rise of Dictators. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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World War II
VocabularyAtomic Bomb
BondConventional
CommunismD-DayFascismHolocaust
Internment Camp
Marshall Plan
Neutral Prohibit Totalitarian War Crime
Causes of WWIIA. Treaty of Versailles
1. Harshly punished Germany
B. The Great DepressionC. NationalismD. Rise of Dictators
Change in LeadershipA. Italy – Benito Mussolini over
threw the government in 19221. Became a Dictator2. Planned Italian expansion3. Based on Fascism
a) Needs of the nation above individual rights & freedoms
Link
Change in LeadershipA. Russia – Communist party formed
the USSR in 1922. 1. Communism – an economic
system based on the idea that farms and businesses should be owned by the workers who do the labor – no bosses.
2. Joseph Stalin becomes the Dictator.
Stalin in RussiaA. Communist party controls all
aspects of the government, economy, and society.
B. Stalin establishes a totalitarian state.1. Totalitarian – a governing
system in which the ruler controls all aspects of society and maintains power with the use of terror
Link
Change in LeadershipA. Germany – Great Depression
hit hard1. Banks closed2. Industry production cut in
half3. Farmers lost their farms
a) Food shortages B. Adolf Hitler stirs up Germany
Nationalism
Hitler in GermanyA. Create a powerful Germany - LinkB. Expand German territoryC. Believed that ethnic Germans
were superior to other people1. “Master Race”
a) Denied rights to non-Germans – especially Jews
D. 1933 – Nazi’s control German Government
Hitler in GermanyA. Hitler creates a government based
on Fascism1. Needs of the nation above
individual rights & freedomsB. Hitler establishes a totalitarian state
1. Totalitarian – a governing system in which the ruler controls all aspects of society and maintains power with the use of terror
2. All other political parties are banned
Change in Leadership
A. Japan – Military leaders sought to control the government and expand Japan’s territories.1. Invaded China
a) Gained raw materials for production
European ExpansionA. Italy – used military might to
invade East Africa (Ethiopia)B. Germany sent troops to the
Rhineland (This was Prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles) - Link
1. Prohibit – forbidden by authority, such as a law or treaty
C. Germany takes Austria and Czechoslovakia
Response to German Aggression
A. France and Great Britain – do not enforce the Treaty of Versailles
1. Do not want warB. Germany invades Poland – Sept 1,
1939 – WWII Begins - LinkC. France and Britain declare war.D. United States remained Neutral
1. Neutral – not supporting either side of war
Timeline – Take it out
The United States Enters the War
The Lend-Lease Act – The U.S. would provide nearly $50 Billion in war supplies to Britain, Russia and other to fight Germany and Japan
The United States Enters the War
December 7, 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor The U.S. Declares War on Japan.Germany declares war on the U.S.
War in Europe
A. Germany, Italy and Japan formed the “Axis Powers”
B. The U.S. focused on Germany at the start of the war.
C. Battle of Stalingrad – Russians defeated the Germans – This was a turning point in the war.
War in the PacificA. Battle of Midway – 1942,
the US turned away the Japanese fleet. This was turning point in the Pacific.
War in EuropeA. D-Day – June 6, 1944 – the
Allied invasion of German occupied friends
Island Hopping in the Pacific
A. The U.S. begins its offensive in the Pacific in August 1942 at Guadalcanal.
The remainder of the War in Europe
A. Big Three meet in Yalta to divide Germany
B. Allies capture Berlin – Germany Surrenders
C. Nuremburg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders on trial for War Crimes
1. War Crimes – breaking internationally accepted practices related to fighting wars
The remainder of the Pacific War
A. Battle for Iwo JimaB. U.S. drops the
Atomic Bomb 1. Atomic Bomb – a
powerful weapon who is violent energy comes from splitting and Atom
C. Japanese leaders on trial for war crimes against humanity
The Holocaust
1.This is a specific event
1.The Nazi persecution and murder of Jews and other minority groups
2. State sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany between 1933-1945
The Holocaust
The HolocaustOthers groups persecuted:
•Handicapped
•Poles
•others
The HolocaustWhy did it happen?
Nazi belief of superiority:
•“inferior races” seen as a threat that needed to be exterminated
The HolocaustWhy did it happen (cont…)?
Jews were blamed for:
•The poor economy
•WWI
•Spread of Communism
How did it happen (cont…)
1933 –
•Nuremberg Laws passed making Jews second class citizens
The Holocaust
How did it happen (cont…)
•Defined Jews not by religion, but by the religious affiliation of their grandparents.
The Holocaust
How did it happen (cont…)
Jews could not:
•Attend public school
•Own property
•Marry non-Jews
The Holocaust
How did it happen (cont…)
•Germany instituted an involuntary sterilization program•German looking children were taken and raised by German parents
The Holocaust
How did it happen (cont…)
•Development of Concentration Camps:
•Work camps
•Death Camps
The Holocaust
The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)
1939 –
•Destroyed Polish Culture
•Killed Polish Leaders
The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)
1941 –
•Mobile killing units (used in Russia)– “Einsatzgruppen”
The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)
•Following the invasion of Poland – 400 new Ghettos were set up for Jews
•3 million Polish Jews segregated
The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)
1942-1944
•Elimination of Ghettos
•Creation of extermination camps (gassing facilities)
The HolocaustHow did it happen (cont…)
6 killing sites:1.Elzec
2.Sobibor
3.Treblinka
4.Chelmno
5.Majdanek
6.Auschwitz-Birkenau
How did it happen (cont…)
Killing Centers were run by the SS (Germany’s Security Police)
More than 1.25 million killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau
The Holocaust
How did it happen (cont…)
•Men and women were separated at arrival
•Jews were led to “the showers” – gas chambers
•ZyKlon B
The Holocaust
How did World War II change the United States?
Life on the War Front More than 5 million
volunteered for military duty (10 million more were drafted)
3 months of “basic training” to be battle-ready GI’s (Government Issue)
More than half were sent overseas
How did World War II change the United States?
Life on the War Front cont… Soldiers in Combat
Ate canned and dried foods
No beds, toilet paper or showers
Lived outside a lot (cold night/hot days)
How did World War II change the United States?
Life on the War Front cont… Soldiers in Combat (292,000
Americans Died in WWII)
Loud and scary Death everywhere Did their job under terrible
circumstances Motivated by patriotism and
buddies
How did World War II change the United States?
Wartime Government U.S. Government changed the
U.S. into what President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the “arsenal of democracy”
War Productions Board Transformed American
factories into making war supplies
Banned production of “nonessential goods
How did World War II change the United States?
Wartime Government Supporting the war effort
The War cost a lot of money U.S. government borrowed
from banks, businesses, and individuals
Millions of Americans bought “War Bonds”
A certificate that pays interest
How did World War II change the United States?
Wartime Consumers: “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without”
Rationing system – limiting the amount of scarce items that any one individual could buy (Sugar, Meat, Butter, Coffee, Gas) Listen
Meat was used to feed soldiers Sugarcane was needed to make
gunpowder Coffee from SA was transported
on ships better used in battle
How did World War II change the United States?
Wartime Consumers: “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without”
Victory Gardens – backyard gardens producing one-third of all vegetables in the U.S.
Pocketless pants – To save fabric for the war effort, pants were made without pockets
How did World War II change the United States?
Women in WWII 6 Million women went to work in
factories Employers worried that women
were not strong enough for factory work.
Women proved they could do most any job.
Women were paid 60% of what men were paid
Most women were fired when the war ended
How did World War II change the United States?
Japanese Americans and the War After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor,
many citizens were suspicious of Japanese-Americans
People worried that Japanese-Americans might help Japan attack the west coast –CA
FDR ordered the removal of J-A from the west coast - 1942
120,000 J-A were forced into “Interment camps” (prison) for three years
How did World War II change the United States?
Japanese Americans and the War Japanese-Americans lived in
crowed camps No running water Barbed wire and armed guards
How did World War II change the United States?
African Americans and the War 900,000 African Americans served
in the military during WWII Segregated units - Many
assigned noncombat jobs Cooks, truck drivers, etc…
In combat Fighter pilots – Tuskegee
Airmen
How did World War II change the United States?
Mexican Americans and the War More than 500,000 Latinos
(mostly Mexican Americans) served in the military in WWII
Did not fight in segregated units
How did World War II change the United States?
Mexican Americans at home Many Mexicans farm workers
came to America to grow food Some moved to the cities
Zoot Suits – New fashion – Long jacket with baggy pants
Whites associated the Zoot Suits with gang violence
1943 – Zoot Suiters were attacked in LA setting off the Zoot Suit Riots
How did World War II change the United States?
Jewish Americans in the War The Holocaust
Jewish Americans protested the U.S. Government’s immigration laws
Marched on Washington Urged allies to rescue
Europe’s Jews More than 550,000 Jews served
in the military during WWII 52,000 decorations/awards
The End of the War President Roosevelt did not live to
see the end Died April 12, 1945 of a stroke
Harry S. Truman became President The Manhattan Project – top secret
program to build an atomic bomb August 6, 1945 – The U.S.
dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima killing 70,000 people. 3 days later Nagasaki is destroyed
Japan surrendered August 15, 1945