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Belief Systems – The Hebrews believed in one God and tried to follow his commandments.
Geography – Enslaved Hebrews returned from Egypt to Canaan to reclaim land.
Government – Hebrew leaders called judges attempted to rule according to their
understanding of God’s laws.
Main Ideas
From Ur to Canaan Torah – first five holy books, or
scriptures, of the Hebrew Bible
Hebrew history, laws, beliefs believed to have been given by God Written centuries after events
were supposed to have occurred
Sometimes archaeological evidence contradicts
Abraham – shepherd in Ur around 1800 B.C.E. Considered to be father of
Hebrews And founder of Judaism
Torah says God sent Abraham to settle in Canaan, also known as the Promised Land
Many people in ancient world were polytheists
Hebrews believed God gave Abraham important teachingsBelieved in one all-powerful God and his moral
laws (monotheism)Judaism – religion that descended from
ancient Hebrew religionName comes from Judah, one of the 12 tribes
of AbrahamHebrews believed they were chosen by God
Had covenant (promise) with GodGod would look after them if they obeyed Him
Judaism and Monotheism
Moses Leads the IsraelitesHebrews in Canaan became
known as IsraelitesAccording to Torah,
Abraham’s grandson Jacob was called Israel
12 of Jacob’s sons and grandsons were fathers of the 12 tribes
Famine forced Israelites to EgyptLater, the pharaoh enslaved
the IsraelitesMoses led Israelites from
Egypt on a migration called the Exodus
Israelites wandered as nomads in Sinai desert for 40 years
Torah says God gave Moses two stone tablets at top of Mt. SinaiContained Ten Commandments – basis for
Israelite lawsCommandments became major part of
Western moral and ethical traditionsIsraelites believed commandments renewed
their covenant with GodPeople thought if they obeyed His laws that
God would protect them
The Ten Commandments
Essential Question:
What role did the judges play in the life of the ancient Israelites?
Return to the Promised Land
The 12 Tribes of IsraelMoses chose Joshua to lead
12 tribes of Israelites back to CanaanUpon returning they found
other groups in Canaan were under powerful rule of the Philistines
Jacob’s descendents formed a fighting force to reclaim landMovement to take over city-
states, such as Jericho, lasted 200 years
After wars, Israelite soldiers became farmers and herdersDivided land in mountains
and plains between the tribes
No single Israelite leader during 200 years of war
Respected male and female judges were used as advisors
First judges acted as military leaders, then later judges gave legal adviceFamous judges included Gideon, Samson,
Samuel, and DeborahStrong judges helped to keep 12 tribes united
In times without judges, some tribes turned to other gods
Judges Lead the Israelites
Abraham led the Hebrews to Canaan.
Moses gave the Hebrews the Ten Commandments.
The judges led the Israelites in Canaan.
Lesson Summary
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