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Vocabulario en ingles

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English File third edition Intermediate Printable Oxford University Press 20131ENGLISH FILE THIRD EDITION INTERMEDIATE iTUTORWordlist

File 1Vocabulary BanksFOOD AND COOKINGauberginen/bin/You need an aubergine for this pasta dish.bakedadj/bekt/I had a baked potato with tuna for my lunch.beansnpl/binz/These beans are overcooked.beefn/bif/We always eat roast beef on Sundays.beetrootn/bitrut/I always put beetroot in my salads.boiledadj/bld/I like to have boiled eggs for breakfast.cabbagen/kbd/I dont like the taste of cabbage.cherriesnpl/teriz/Cherries are really delicious.chickenn/tkn/Chicken is a low-fat meat.courgetten/ket/I used a courgette in this recipe.crabn/krb/Can I have a crab sandwich, please?cucumbern/kjukmb/I dont like the taste of cucumber.duckn/dk/I love duck with orange sauce.eggn/e/I had a fried egg for breakfast.fishn/f/I love oily fish like salmon.friedadj/frad/Fried bread is too oily for me.fruitn/frut/You should eat some fresh fruit every day.grapesnpl/reps/Do you prefer red or green grapes?grilledadj/rld/I would like the grilled steak, please.lambn/lm/I always order a lamb curry at that Indian restaurant.lemonn/lemn/I always like to have some lemon with my fish.mangon/m/Is there any mango in this fruit salad?meatn/mit/My sister doesnt eat meat because shes a vegetarian.melonn/meln/This melon isnt sweet enough.musselsnpl/mslz/We had some delicious mussels and chips in Belgium.peachn/pit/I would like a peach for dessert, please.pearn/pe(r)/Would you like a pear or an apple?peppern/pep(r)/We need one red pepper and one onion.porkn/pk/Many people do not eat pork in Morocco.prawnsnpl/prnz/We had prawns with lemon juice and garlic.raspberriesnpl/rzbriz/We had raspberries and ice cream.roastadj/rst/We always have roast potatoes on Sundays.salmonn/smn/Oily fish like salmon is very good for you.seafoodn/sifud/My mum loves seafood, especially prawns and mussels.squidn/skwd/I ordered fried squid for my starter.steamedadj/stimd/Steamed vegetables are very healthy.tunan/tjun/I made a tuna salad for my dinner.vegetablen/vedtbl/Is an avocado a fruit or a vegetable?PERSONALITYaffectionateadj/feknt/Dogs are very friendly and affectionate pets.aggressiveadj/resv/Hes very aggressive and often gets into fights.ambitiousadj/mbs/Paul is really ambitious and is studying very hard at school.anxiousadj/ks/My sister is very anxious and is always stressed.attractiveadj/trktv/Darrens new girlfriend is really attractive.bad-temperedadj/bd tempd/Our neighbour is bad-tempered so I dont like talking to him.bossyadj/bsi/My husband is very bossy and is always telling me what to do.charmingadj/tm/Nicolas new boyfriend is charming and friendly.cleveradj/klev(r)/My sister is really clever and wants to study medicine.competitiveadj/kmpettv/I dont like playing football with Jason hes too competitive!dishonestadj/dsnst/I think Jenny is being dishonest about her past.disorganizedadj/dsnazd/Our secretary is so disorganized we never know when meetings are booked.friendlyadj/frendli/Our new neighbour is really friendly.generousadj/denrs/Diane is always buying me presents shes so generous.hard-workingadj/hd wk/Mary is a hard-working person so Im sure she will pass her exams.honestadj/nst/Wendy is so honest she always tells the truth.imaginativeadj/mdntv/My daughter is really imaginative and is always writing stories.immatureadj/mtj(r)/Hes nearly 26 now, but hes still so immature.impatientadj/mpent/Megan always wants things right now shes so impatient.independentadj/ndpendnt/Karen lives on her own because she likes to be independent.insecureadj/nskj(r)/Stuart is really insecure about the way he looks.insensitiveadj/nsenstv/She asked him about his divorce which I think was very insensitive.irresponsibleadj/rspnsbl/I dont want you to go out with Vanessa tonight shes too irresponsible.jealousadj/dels/Louise is really jealous of Pete because he has a great job.kindadj/kand/My wife is really kind shes always doing things for other people.lazyadj/lezi/Ian never does any housework hes so lazy.matureadj/mt(r)/Shes only twelve, but shes very mature for her age.meanadj/min/My sister never shares her things shes really mean.moodyadj/mudi/Our teenage son is always moody and bad-tempered.obeyv/be/You should obey your parents.offendv/fend/You should try not to offend people.opinionn/pnjn/Whats your opinion of the new government?organizedadj/nazd/Our administrator is really organized.outgoingadj/at/James is really outgoing and has many friends.patientadj/pent/You need to be patient if you want to be a driving instructor.quietadj/kwat/Anna is so quiet its really hard to talk to her.rebelliousadj/rbeljs/Julie is really rebellious and never does what her parents tell her to do.reliableadj/rlabl/Ken is not very reliable hes always late.responsibleadj/rspnsbl/Our son is very responsible and hard-working.self-confidentadj/self knfdnt/Shes a very self-confident and sociable child.selfishadj/self/Jane is really selfish and only ever thinks of herself.sensibleadj/sensbl/Our teenage daughter is really sensible so we can trusther.sensitiveadj/senstv/Helen is always crying shes really sensitive.shyadj/a/Im really shy and find it hard to meet new people.sociableadj/sbl/Jacks really sociable and has lots of friends.spoiltadj/splt/Rachel is so spoilt her parents are always giving her money.stubbornadj/stbn/My dad is really stubborn and never changes his mind.stupidadj/stjupd/My parents think that all my friends are stupid.talkativeadj/tktv/Lucy is very talkative we chatted for hours.tidyadj/tadi/Harry is really tidy so his house always looks great.unambitiousadj/nmbs/I was unambitious when I was young so I didnt study much.unfriendlyadj/nfrendli/I met our new boss this morning and he was really unfriendly.unimaginativeadj/nmdntv/The childrens story was boring and unimaginative.unkindadj/nkand/Dont be unkind to your poor brother.unreliableadj/nrlabl/Im not going to ask Colin for help because he is really unreliable.unselfishadj/nself/Adam is really unselfish and always thinks of others.unsociableadj/nsbl/Chris never comes out with us hes really unsociable.untidyadj/ntadi/Jim is very untidy his bedroom is a real mess.USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESadultn/dlt/I think I became an adult when I left home.arrangementn/rendmnt/Have you made an arrangement for tomorrow morning?attentionn/tenn/I didnt get as much attention as my brother when we were children.bedcoversnpl/bedkv(r)z/I hid from my sister under the bedcovers.boarding schooln/bd skul/I was sent away to boarding school when I was eleven.carbohydratesnpl/kbhadrets/Rice is an important source of carbohydrates.childhoodn/taldhd/I had a happy childhood.close familyn/kls fmli/Do you think you have a close family?declinen/dklan/The results show a decline in traditional family structures.depressedadj/dprest/After he lost his job he became really depressed.emotionaladj/mnl/Shes really emotional and often cries.extended familyn/kstendd fmli/I have a big extended family, including eighteen cousins!extrovertn/ekstrvt/My dad is a real extrovert and loves meeting new people.fightv/fat/My brother always wants to fight with me.freshadj/fre/I bought some wonderful fresh fish today.frozenadj/frzn/Have we got any frozen vegetables?gangn//Im not comfortable with being one of a gang.gatheringn/r/My parents have arranged a family gathering.immediate familyn/midit fmli/How many people are there in your immediate family?innocentadj/nsnt/My sister hit me but my mum thought she was innocent.intentionn/ntenn/His intention is to study hard and go to university.low-fatadj/l ft/Would you like a low-fat yoghurt?moodn/mud/Dont talk to Barry today because hes in a bad mood.newbornadj/njubn/That newborn baby is so tiny.no wonder/n wnd(r)/My parents were always nicer to me so no wonder my sister hated me.only childn/nli tld/I dont have any brothers or sisters Im an only child.predictionn/prdkn/His prediction is that people will holiday in space in the near future.promisen/prms/I made a promise to my father that I would look after my mother when he died.proteinn/prtin/Meat is a good source of protein.rawadj/r/I hate the taste of raw onions.relativen/reltv/Im my mothers closest relative.relaxedadj/rlkst/My mother is really relaxed and never gets stressed.rivalryn/ravlri/There was a lot of rivalry between me and my sister when we were younger.sharev/e(r)/I share a lot of hobbies with my sister.sickadj/sk/Hes been off sick for two weeks.spicyadj/spasi/I love spicy Thai curries.stressedadj/strest/Richard works too hard and is always stressed.suffocatev/sfket/I remember my brother trying to suffocate me under the bedcovers.tensionn/tenn/There was always a lot of tension in our house our parents always argued.valuev/vlju/Now that I am older I really value my parents.MORE WORDS IN FILE 1affordv/fd/Can you afford to buy a new car?alternative therapyn/ltntv erpi/Have you tried alternative therapy, like hypnotherapy?arguev/ju/My parents always argue but they will never get divorced.awareadj/we(r)/Are you aware that you are your aunts only relative?caken/kek/I made a chocolate cake for my girlfriends birthday.cartonn/ktn/Can you get me a carton of orange juice?chargev/td/My parents charge me rent to live in their house.chefn/ef/My brother is a chef in an Italian restaurant.chocolaten/tklt/They give their clients free chocolate at the end of thenight.concentrationn/knsntren/Blueberries can improve concentration by up to 20per cent.containern/knten(r)/This is a plastic container for pasta.creamyadj/krimi/We ordered pasta in a creamy sauce.cuisinen/kwzin/I love Indian cuisine.curen/kj(r)/I want to find a cure for my headaches.cut down onv/kt dan n/I need to cut down on sugar and fat to lose weight.decisionn/dsn/Have you made a decision about your holiday yet?dramaticadj/drmtk/The results of the experiment were dramatic with a 60 per cent reduction in violent crimes.efficientlyadv/fntli/Food that is high in protein helps your brain to work more efficiently.endorphinsnpl/ndfnz/Your brain releases endorphins when you eat chocolate and this makes you feel good.expertn/ekspt/My aunt is an expert on Victorian literature.feel a bit down/fil bt dan/I always feel a bit down when we come home after aholiday.focusedadj/fks/tAfter my morning coffee I feel really focused.food supplementn/fud splment/I take a food supplement every day.jarn/d(r)/Can you pass me that jar of strawberry jam?margarinen/mdrin/Do you prefer butter or margarine?meetingn/mit/I have a meeting with my boss at 10.00 a.m.mushroomn/mrum/Ill have a ham and mushroom pizza, please.nightclubn/natklb/We went to a nightclub until 2.00 a.m.prosciutton/prut/Prosciutto is an Italian ham.public holidayn/pblk hlde/Its a public holiday on Monday so we wont go to work.saltn/slt/Dont put too much salt on your dinner.sausagen/ssd/Would you like a sausage or a burger?steakn/stek/I ordered steak and chips at the restaurant.sugarn/(r)/I always have sugar in my coffee.takeawayadj/tekwe/We ordered a takeaway pizza.tinnedadj/tnd/I dont like the taste of tinned tuna.violencen/valns/Late night violence can be a problem in some towns.vitaminn/vtmn/There is a lot of vitamin C in oranges.weaponn/wepn/Chocolate could become a secret weapon in the fight against crime.File 2Vocabulary BanksMONEYaffordv/fd/I cant afford to go on holiday this year.bank accountn/bk kant/How much money do you have in your bank account?billn/bl/The electricity bill came through the post today.borrowv/br/Can I borrow some money, please?cash machinen/k min/I took 30 out of the cash machine.chargev/td/How much do you charge for a haircut?coinn/kn/I found a 10p coin on the pavement.costv/kst/These shoes cost 70.credit cardn/kredt kd/The payment had been taken from my credit card.debtn/det/I had a lot of debt when I left university.earnv/n/How much do doctors earn in your country?inheritv/nhert/She will inherit a lot of money when her parents die.investv/nvest/You should invest some money in the stock market.lendv/lend/Can you lend me 30 until tomorrow?live offv/lv f/I have to live off my parents while Im at university.live onv/lv n/If I lose my job, Ill have no money to live on.loann/ln/I need a loan from the bank to start my own business.mortgagen/md/The bank gave me a mortgage so that I could buy a house.noten/nt/I left a 20 note on my desk.owev//You owe me 10.pay backv/pebk/I pay back 50 of the loan to the bank every month.raisev/rez/How much money did you raise for the school?salaryn/slri/Lawyers get a good salary.savev/sev/I try to save some money every month.take outv/tek at/I never take out more than 50 at a cash machine.taxn/tks/How much tax do you have to pay every month?wastev/west/Dont waste your money on things you dont need.worthadj/w/How much is your house worth?USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESamazedadj/mezd/I was amazed to hear that Bob is getting married.boilingadj/bl/Its boiling at the moment 34 degrees Celsius!boutiquen/butik/She works in a designer clothes boutique.brokeadj/brk/I was always broke when I was a student.chequen/tek/I wrote a cheque for 300.consecutiveadj/knsekjtv/She ran three consecutive marathons in 23 hours and 50 minutes.contractn/kntrkt/We signed the contract.currentn/krnt/I had to paddle against the current.deliciousadj/dls/The food was delicious.delightedadj/dlatd/My parents are delighted that Im getting married.dyslexian/dsleksi/My son cant read very well because he has dyslexia.enormousadj/nms/His house is enormous and has six bedrooms.exhaustedadj/zstd/I was exhausted after the race.exhaustionn/zstn/I suffered from heat exhaustion.fantasticadj/fntstk/Ive had a fantastic time here.figuresnpl/fz/He calculated figures in his head.filthyadj/fli/Johns kitchen is filthy.freezingadj/friz/The sea was freezing so we didnt swim.furiousadj/fjris/Maria is furious that you didnt invite her to your birthday party.gamblen/mbl/Starting my own business was a bit of a gamble.go on sale/ n sel/When will his new book go on sale?hilariousadj/hleris/The film was hilarious we laughed so much.humidityn/hjumdti/The humidity here is 80 per cent in the summer.infestedadj/nfestd/The river is infested with crocodiles.inspirev/nspa(r)/Ive been listening to power ballads to inspire me.kayakv/kak/Why did you agree to kayak down the Amazon?make money/mek mni/I want to make money from my paintings.millionairen/mljne(r)/Jeff became a millionaire, but lost most of his money.paddlen/pdl/We used a wooden paddle to move the boat.positiveadj/pztv/Did you have a positive experience when you went abroad?put asidephrv/pt sad/Every week, I put aside some money for a holiday.recessionn/rsen/Our business lost a lot of money during the recession.riskyadj/rski/This is a very risky trip.sponsorv/spns(r)/She asked me to sponsor her for a charity programme.starvingadj/stv/I was starving when I came home from school.sufferv/sf(r)/I really suffer in hot weather.targetn/tt/100 kms per day is my target.terrifiedadj/terfad/Are there any animals that youre terrified of?tinyadj/tani/My flat is really tiny with only two rooms.MORE WORDS IN FILE 2achen/ek/I have an ache in my right arm from playing tennis.ashamedadj/emd/He felt so ashamed that he couldnt read.bandagedadj/bnddd/He came to work with a bandaged head.best-sellern/bestsel(r)/His autobiography became a best-seller.burst into tears/bst nt tz/When I finished the race I burst into tears.charityn/trti/My sister works for a childrens charity and helps them to raise money.consumer societyn/knsjum(r) ssati/We live in a consumer society where people want new things all the time.cynicaladj/snkl/Im always very cynical about our government Inever think their decisions are good.door-to-door/d(r) t d(r)/I went door-to-door trying to sell insurance.drive someone mad/drav smwn md/My parents drive me mad with their arguing!employv/mpl/We employ a gardener who comes once a week.feen/fi/My lawyer has an hourly fee of 150!foot the bill/ft bl/My children use the phone all the time but I foot the bill.ghost writern/strat(r)/She used a ghost writer to help her write her autobiography.good causen/d kz/I want to run a marathon and make money for a good cause.gorillan/rl/I saw a big gorilla at the zoo.instalmentn/nstlmnt/I paid back the first instalment on my loan.instinctivelyadv/nstktvli/He instinctively knew what people wanted.interestn/ntrest/How much interest do you pay on your credit card?lorryn/lri/A big red lorry parked outside our house.mechanicn/mknk/I had to pay the mechanic 100 to repair my car.meltedadj/meltd/There was melted chocolate at the bottom of my bag.presentern/przent(r)/I want to be a TV presenter when I grow up.prizen/praz/I won first prize in the competition.proudadj/prad/I was so proud of my son when he passed his exams.rough idean/rf ad/I usually have a rough idea about what I spend my money on.salesmann/selzmn/My brother is a used car salesman.scamn/skm/That email saying we had won some money was a scam.shopping spreen/p spri/I always go on a shopping spree when I get my monthly salary.storen/st(r)/He works in a grocery store.surfacen/sfs/I can see my reflection in the surface of the water.tapen/tep/My fingers are bandaged with white tape.File 3Vocabulary BanksTRANSPORTavoidv/vd/Try to avoid the motorway because there is a huge traffic jam at the moment.bus stopn/bs stp/You can buy a ticket at the bus stop.car crashn/k(r) kr/I broke my leg in a car crash last month.carriagen/krd/My seat is in carriage F.child seatn/tald sit/You should buy a child seat for your car. coachn/kt/We went on a coach to France.crossv/krs/Whats the quickest way to cross a busy city?cycle lanen/sakl len/Its safer to use a cycle lane when youre on your bike.end up/end p/People end up multitasking, which can make them even more stressed.get stuckv/et stk/I always get stuck in traffic on my way to work.go overv/ v(r)/Dont go over the speed limit.lorryn/lri/My brother drives a lorry.motorwayn/mtwe/The speed limit is 70 miles per hour on the motorway in the UK.parking finen/pk fan/I left my car on double yellow lines and I got a parking fine.pedestrian crossingn/pdestrin krs/Children should always use a pedestrian crossing.petrol stationn/petrl sten/I stopped at a petrol station to fill up the car.platformn/pltfm/The train leaves from this platform.roadworksn/rdwks/Roadworks are starting on this road next week so traffic will be bad.run out/rn at/What will we do if we run out of petrol?rush hourn/r a(r)/The traffic is always bad in rush hour.scootern/skut(r)/My daughter uses her scooter to get to work.seat beltn/sit belt/You must wear a seat belt in cars in this country.set off/set f/We set off early to avoid the traffic.speed cameran/spid kmr/Theres a speed camera over there so dont drive too fast.speed limitn/spid lmt/Whats the speed limit on this road?taxi rankn/tksi rnk/Theres a taxi rank outside the station.traffic jamn/trfk dm/Sorry Im late there was a terrible traffic jam.traffic lightsn/trfk lats/Turn right after the traffic lights.tramn/trm/I go to work by tram.Undergroundn/ndrand/I use the London Underground every day.vann/vn/My uncle is a builder and he has his own van.watch / look out!/wt at/lk at/Look out! Youre going to crash!zebra crossingn/zebr krs/Its safest to cross the road at the zebra crossing.DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONSafraid ofadj + prep/fred v/Im afraid of spiders.angry withadj + prep/ri w/Are you still angry with me?apologize toverb + prep/pldaz t/You should apologize to your sister for breaking her hairdryer.argue withverb + prep/ju w/I always argue with my parents about when I have to be home at night.arrive atverb + prep/rav t/We arrive at Heathrow at 10.30 a.m.arrive inverb + prep/rav n/What time do you arrive in London?ask forverb + prep/sk f/I want to ask for some help with my homework.belong toverb + prep/bl t/Who does this jacket belong to?choose betweenverb + prep/tuz btwin/You have to choose between these two dresses.close toadj + prep/kls t/Im very close to my mum and we speak on the phone every day.depend onverb + prep/dpend n/I might go to university next year it will depend on my exam results.different fromadj + prep/dfrnt frm/This house is very different from your last one.dream aboutverb + prep/drim bat/Do you often dream about work?excited aboutadj + prep/ksatd bat/Are you excited about your holiday?famous foradj + prep/fems f/Whats your hometown famous for?fed up ofadj + prep/fed p v/Im fed up of tidying away your clothes all the time.fond ofadj + prep/fnd v/Im really fond of my niece shes so sweet.frightened ofadj + prep/fratnd v/Are you frightened of heights?good atadj + prep/d t/Im really good at maths but Im useless at history.good foradj + prep/d f/Doing some exercise every day is good for you.interested inadj + prep/ntrstd n/Im really interested in history.keen onadj + prep/kin n/Im keen on football so I watch it most weekends.kind toadj + prep/kand t/Please be kind to your little brother.laugh atverb + prep/lf t/Dont laugh at me when Im talking.look forward toverb + prep/lk fwd t/I look forward to seeing you next week.married toverb + prep/mrid t/How long have you been married to your wife?pay forverb + prep/pe f/How much did you pay for that car?pleased aboutadj + prep/plizd bat/Are you pleased about the new tax system?proud ofadj + prep/prad v/Im really proud of my nephew as hes now a doctor.remind me toverb + prep/rmand mi t/Can you remind me to call your grandma tomorrow?rude toverb + prep/rud t/Dont be rude to your father!scared ofadj + prep/sked v/Im scared of the dark.spend money onverb + prep/spend mni n/I like to spend money on good quality food.tired ofadj + prep/tad v/Im tired of working I need to have a rest.worried aboutadj + prep/wrid bat/Im worried about Jody she seems really depressed.USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESaccording toadj + prep/kd t/According to the article, women are better at multitasking.adventuren/dvent(r)/I want an adventure so lets go travelling together.ahead ofadj + prep/hed v/The car was ahead of the bike.almostadv/lmst/I can talk to my wife about almost anything.chokev/tk/Try not to choke on that apple.claimv/klem/They claim that women use more words than men.confusingadj/knfjuz/The map was confusing and we got lost.crashv/kr/He was very careful not to crash into any buses.credibleadj/kredbl/I dont think this research is very credible so I dont trust the findings.fitv/ft/They want to fit me with a hearing aid.generallyadv/denrli/Do you think, generally speaking, that women are more talkative than men?gossipn/sp/Have you got any gossip to share?gossipv/sp/She likes to gossip with her friends over coffee.hardlyadv/hdli/We hardly ever go to the cinema any more.in fact/n fkt/We dont eat out much, in fact, we dont even have takeaways any more.manualn/mnjul/I need a training manual on how to bring up children.multitaskv/mltitsk/Do you think women can multitask better than men?permitn/pmt/Do you have a permit to park here?racen/res/I won the race.rangev/rend/There is a wide range of products to choose from.reachv/rit/When do you think you will reach the station?recordern/rkd(r)/They attached a recorder to them to monitor their conversations.reducev/rdjus/Laughing can reduce stress.routen/rut/Which is the best route to the station?rushv/r/I was late so I had to rush to school.scepticaladj/skeptkl/They are sceptical of the belief that women use three times as many words as men.slightlyadv/slatli/Men only use slightly fewer words than women.stereotypen/steritap/The stereotype of British people is that they always talk about the weather.stereotypev/steritap/They stereotype women as being better at looking after children.stickv/stk/Men usually stick to one subject for longer when theychat.stuckadj/stk/I was stuck in traffic for over an hour this morning.swapv/swp/We like to get together and swap opinions.talk aboutv/tk bat/I like to talk about politics with my friends.talkativeadj/tktv/Anthony is talkative but he doesnt really listen.tendv/tend/Women tend to gossip more than men.turn aroundv/tn rand/You should turn around because youre going the wrong way.turn red/tn red/When the lights turn red you have to stop.whereasconj/werz/Women talk about lots of subjects whereas men usually stick to one subject for longer.worseadj/ws/You should leave now because the traffic is getting worse.MORE WORDS IN FILE 3check-in deskn/tek n desk/Go straight to the check-in desk when you get to the airport.commandon/kmnd/He was a commando in the British army.do your hair/d j(r) he(r)/How long does it take to do your hair?driving simulatorn/drav smjulet(r)/A British car magazine tested drivers in a driving simulator.illegaladj/lil/Have you ever done something illegal?military precisionn/mltri prsn/Getting him ready for school requires military precision.mobilen/mbal/I left my mobile on the bus!motorboatn/mtbt/My brother bought a motorboat last weekend.nicknamen/nknem/Did you have a nickname when you were at school?one milen/wn mal/How long does it take you to walk one mile?overground trainn/vrand tren/You should take the overground train from Waterloo.penaltyn/penlti/Their best player missed the penalty.public transportn/pblk trnspt/I never use public transport because I love driving.publishv/pbl/Will they publish your article in the magazine next month?put make-up on/pt mek p n/She needs 20 minutes to put make-up on in the mornings.ring roadn/r rd/You have to drive round the ring road to get to that part of town.rucksackn/rksk/I put my lunch box into my rucksack.satnavn/stnv/I use my satnav when I go on long journeys.seriesn/sriz/Top Gear is a very popular TV series.silence is golden/salns z ldn/I like to spend time in quiet places silence is golden.sleeping tabletn/slip tblt/I took a sleeping tablet to help me sleep last night.stay-at-home dadn/ste t hm dd/Im a stay-at-home dad and my wife goes out to work.the Tuben/ tjub/I hate travelling on the Tube.trivialadj/trvil/My daughters friends talk about trivial things like clothes and celebrities.valuableadj/vljubl/My time is valuable so I dont like to waste it.File 4USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESamazedadj/mezd/I was amazed by our sons exam results.amazingadj/mez/The view from our hotel room is amazing.basic phrasen/besk frez/Try to learn some basic phrases before you travel to another country.boredadj/bd/Im bored lets do something.boringadj/br/This film is really boring.busyadj/bzi/Im afraid the line is busy at the moment.consequencen/knskwns/What was the consequence of you refusing to help yourdad?depressedadj/dprest/She was feeling really depressed so she went to her doctor.depressingadj/dpres/I find winter really depressing.dialv/dal/Can you dial the number for me?disappointedadj/dspntd/My parents were disappointed with my exam results.disappointingadj/dspnt/My exam results were a bit disappointing.embarrassedadj/mbrst/I was embarrassed when I fell over in the town centre.embarrassingadj/mbrs/It was really embarrassing when my dad decided to dance at my party.engagedadj/nedd/I tried to call you but the line was engaged.etiquetten/etkt/Do you know about mobile phone etiquette?evidencen/evdns/If at first you dont succeed, destroy all the evidence that you tried.excitedadj/ksatd/I was really excited on the first day of the course.excitingadj/ksat/The action film was really exciting.fabulousadj/fbjls/She looks fabulous in that dress!fluentlyadv/fluntli/I can speak Italian fluently.frightenedadj/fratnd/I was really frightened when I heard that knocking noise late at night.frighteningadj/fratn/Its frightening to walk through the woods at night.frustratedadj/frstretd/Im really frustrated by our new camera.frustratingadj/frstret/Using this website is really frustrating.hang upv/h p/Dont hang up until youve heard what I want to say.instant messagingn/nstnt mesd/I use instant messaging to chat to my friends.language barriern/lwd bri(r)/When we moved to China, my biggest problem was the language barrier.leave a message/liv mesd/Please leave a message after the beep.linkn/lk/I have a strong personal link to Greece because of mymother.mannersnpl/mnz/Saying please and thank you shows that you have goodmanners.more exceptions than rules/m(r) ksepnz n rulz/There seem to be more exceptions than rules in Russian grammar.multilingualadj/mltilwl/Hes multilingual he speaks eight languages.quiet zonen/kwat zn/This is a quiet zone so please turn off your mobile.scenen/sin/I love the car chase scene in the latest James Bond film.screen savern/skrin sev/I have a picture of my children as my screen saver.silent moden/salnt md/I switched my phone to silent mode during the meeting.skilln/skl/She has a real skill for languages.tiredadj/tad/Im really tired so Im going to bed.tiringadj/tar/Swimming in the sea is really tiring.vibrate moden/vabret md/Your phone should be switched to vibrate mode at thecinema.voicemailn/vsmel/Leave a message on my voicemail.MORE WORDS IN FILE 4accompanyv/kmpni/Can I accompany you to the bus stop?Afrikaansn/frkns/He lives in South Africa and speaks Afrikaans.appn/p/Have you seen the latest app for counting calories?appropriateadj/prprit/Do you think your behaviour is appropriate?calmadj/km/You seem very calm about your driving test.Catalann/ktln/They speak Catalan and Spanish in Barcelona.charmingadj/tm/She was a very charming woman and we all liked her immediately.criticizev/krtsaz/You should never criticize her cooking.declarev/dkle(r)/You should not declare what you will and will not eat.deservev/dzv/People with you deserve more attention than those at the end of the phone.dishonestadj/dsnst/Dont be dishonest about how much money you have spent.doubtv/dat/I doubt that hell get good exam results because he is really lazy.excursionn/kskn/We went on a diving excursion the next day.face-to-faceadj/fes t fes/I would like to speak to you about this face-to-face and not on the phone.finalsnpl/fanlz/Im studying hard for my finals at the moment.generatev/denret/I didnt think the competition would generate this amount of media attention.Greekadj/rik/I had to learn the Greek alphabet.hands-freeadj/hndz fri/I bought a hands-free set so I can use my phone in thecar.Hebrewn/hibru/I learnt some Hebrew when I was young,helpingn/help/She gave me an enormous helping of lasagne.instantlyadv/nstntli/If you learn some basic phrases it instantly shows that you respect the culture and language.insultingv/nslt/The player was sent off for insulting the refereeintimateadj/ntmt/They had an intimate conversation in a quiet place.invisibleadj/nvzbl/Sometimes I wish I could become invisible.islandn/alnd/He grew up on a small island off the coast of Scotland.knowledgen/nld/I dont have much knowledge of science, Im afraid.media attentionn/midi tenn/The celebrity story received a lot of media attention.megaphonen/mefn/Use the megaphone so that everyone can hear you.nastyadj/nsti/Heidi received a nasty email from Carolyn.Orientaladj/rientl/Oriental languages are really hard for Europeans tolearn.oughtv/t/John just called so you ought to call him back.permissionn/pm()n/Dont post photos of friends without asking their permission.receptionn/rsepn/The reception is really poor and I cant hear what youre saying.robotn/rbt/I was dancing like a robot!Romanadj/rmn/Its easier for me to learn a language with Roman letters.scuba divev/skub dav/I want to learn to scuba dive when we go to Spain.see sense/si sens/I hope she will see sense and find a better boyfriend.skydivingn/skadav/I went skydiving when I was in New Zealand.snorkellingn/snkl/I love snorkelling and looking at the fish.stepmothern/stepm(r)/My father married his girlfriend so I now have a stepmother.tactlessadj/tktls/It was tactless to say you didnt like his new shirt.theoryn/ri/You need to study the theory to pass the test.tipn/tp/My mum gave me a good tip on how to make a delicious pasta sauce.tunen/tjun/I still try to dance when I hear a salsa tune.wholeadj/hl/Have you finished the whole cake already?You dont have to shout/ju dnt hf t at/You dont have to shout I can hear you.You have to keep your phoneon/ju hf t kip j(r) fn n/You have to keep your phone on so that I can contact you.You must not use your phone/ju mst nt jus j(r) fn/You must not use your phone in the library.If you must take a call/f ju mst tek kl/If you must take a call in the car, use a hands-free set.File 5Vocabulary BanksSPORTarenan/rin/The horse racing competition took place in the arena.beatv/bit/Arsenal beat Chelsea 2-0.captainn/kptn/Which player is the captain of your team?circuitn/skt/There is a Formula 1 circuit in Bahrain.coachn/kt/My dad is a tennis coach.coursen/ks/We went round the 18-hole golf course together.courtn/kt/Theres a tennis court in our local park.crowdn/krad/There was a huge crowd waiting to get into the stadium.drawv/dr/We dont want to draw we want to win the match.eliminatev/lmnet/We will eliminate their team from the competition.fann/fn/Im a Manchester United fan.get fit/et ft/I want to lose weight and get fit before my wedding.get injured/et ndd/Try not to get injured in the football match.gymn/dm/I go to the gym every morning for 45 minutes.knock outv/nkat/Do you think we can knock out their team from the competition?losev/luz/They accept money to lose matches.pitchn/pt/The football pitch was very muddy.playern/ple(r)/Who is the best player in your team?pooln/pul/I dived into the pool.refereen/refri/The referee blew his whistle.send offv/send f/I think the referee should send off that player.slopen/slp/We went really fast down the ski slope.spectatorn/spektet(r)/I was a spectator at the Wimbledon mens final this year.sports halln/spts hl/You can play basketball in the sports hall.stadiumn/stedim/They built a new stadium for Arsenal a few years ago.tai-chin/t ti/I do tai-chi to help me relax.teamn/tim/There are eleven players in a football team.trackn/trk/I ran twice around the race track.trainv/tren/How many hours do you train for every day?umpiren/mpa(r)/The umpire at the cricket match sent one of the players off the field.warm upv/wm p/Its important to warm up before you do exercise.winv/wn/I really want to win this competition. work outv/wkat/I like to work out at the gym three times a week.yogan/j/I teach Ashtanga yoga on Monday evenings.RELATIONSHIPSbe together/bi te(r)/I want us to be together forever.become friends/bkm frendz/When did you first become friends?break up/brek p/I find it really hard to break up with someone.classmaten/klsmet/Hes a classmate of mine we take maths together.close friendn/kls frend/Nina is a really close friend of mine.colleaguen/kli/James is a work colleague.couplen/kpl/How long have you and Wendy been a couple?dumpv/dmp/Im going to dump my boyfriend this evening.exn/eks/I had a text message from my ex yesterday.fall out with/fl at w/I have a good relationship with my sister I never fall out with her.fancyv/fnsi/Do you fancy anyone in your drama class?fianc(e)n/finse/This is my fiance, Heather.flatmaten/fltmet/Kevin is my flatmate.get in touch/et n tt/Please get in touch when you are next in town.get married/et mrid/Id like to get married before Im 30.get on/et n/Do you get on with your parents or do they annoy you?get to know/et t n/I want to get to know you.go out together/ at te(r)/How long did you and Nick go out together?have a crush on/hv kr n/I have a crush on my sisters best friend.have something in common/hv sm n kmn/You need to have something in common with your partner if the relationship is going to work.lose touch/luz tt/Dont lose touch lets exchange numbers before youmove.maten/met/Nicolas not my girlfriend shes just a mate.meetv/mit/I find it quite difficult to meet new people.partnern/ptn(r)/I live in a small house with my partner.proposev/prpz/I want to propose to my girlfriend tonight.romanticadj/rmntk/I took her out for a romantic meal.split up/splt p/When did you split up with Marco?USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESauditionn/dn/The actress was driving to an audition.awardv/wd/They will award the title to the winner of the race.barriern/bri(r)/He raised the barrier to let her pass.candlen/kndl/She lit the candle in her bedroom.commutern/kmjut(r)/She was a frequent commuter from London to NewYork.cuteadj/kjut/She thought he was really cute.exceptionallyadv/ksepnli/Usain Bolt can run exceptionally fast.exchange a few words/kstend fju wdz/They always exchange a few words when they see eachother.faten/fet/I knew it was fate that we didnt win the game.find the courage/fand krd/You need to find the courage to give him your phone number.finishv/fn/I want to finish the race in first place.lanen/len/The motorway lane that I wanted to drive in was closed.likelyadj/lakli/Is it likely that you will pass your exams?lucky charmn/lki tm/This necklace is my lucky charm.operan/pr/We went to see an Italian opera last night.operatorn/pret(r)/He was a tollbooth operator.plotn/plt/Whats the plot of this film?ritualn/rtul/He has a special ritual that he does before every match.runv/rn/I want to run a company when I grow up.shiftn/ft/Im working the day shift at the moment.shoelacesnpl/ulesz/Did you tie your shoelaces properly?short cutn/t kt/If you take the short cut you will get there early.superstitionn/supstn/Its a superstition that seeing a black cat brings goodluck.superstitiousadj/supsts/Im really superstitious so I hate the number 13.sweatv/swet/I always sweat a lot when I play tennis.their eyes met/e(r) az met/Their eyes met across a crowded room.thruwayn/ruwe/She came off the thruway and stopped at the tollbooth.titlen/tatl/They took his title away and awarded it to the real winner.tollboothn/tlbu/You have to pay money to cross the bridge via the tollbooth.traffic conen/trfk kn/He put a traffic cone in front of his lane.turn out/tn at/Dont worry everything will turn out okay.winnern/wn(r)/Who was the winner?MORE WORDS IN FILE 5anecdoten/nkdt/He told us a really funny anecdote at the party.celebrityn/slebrti/Have you ever met a celebrity?cheatv/tit/Why did you cheat in your exams?extra timen/ekstr tam/There were no goals so the match went to extra time.forumn/frm/I like to post my comments on a web forum.Im going to tell you about a time when/am t tel ju bat tam wen/Im going to tell you about a time when I was in a dangerous situation.probableadj/prbbl/Its probable that the economy wont grow in the next few months.protestv/prtest/You shouldnt protest against the referees decision.quarter-finalsnpl/kwt fanlz/We got through to the quarter-finals of the competition.recoverv/rkv(r)/How long did it take you to recover from the accident?This happened a few years ago/s hpnd fju jz /This happened a few years ago I was walking my dog when I heard a gun shot.trophyn/trfi/I really hope my team wins a trophy this year.unpopularadj/nppjl(r)/Football referees are really unpopular in my country.waxn/wks/This candle is made of wax.well-paidadj/wel ped/Professional footballers are extremely well-paid.When I was younger/wen a wz j(r)/When I was younger I went to swimming lessons every Saturday.File 6Vocabulary BanksCINEMAaction filmn/kn flm/Have you seen that new action film starring Tom Cruise?actorn/kt(r)/I want to be an actor so Im studying drama.actressn/ktrs/Angelina Jolie is a famous actress.adaptationn/dpten/I loved the recent adaptation of Jane Eyre.audiencen/dins/There werent many people in the audience.based on/best n/The film is based on a popular novel by Kathryn Stockett.be on/bi n/When will the new series of Downton Abbey be on?animationn/nmen/My children love the animation Peppa Pig.castn/kst/The film has a very small cast of only five actors.comedyn/kmdi/We saw a great comedy starring Ben Stiller last week.directv/drekt/Hes an actor but now he wants to direct a film.draman/drm/I watched an excellent drama that was set during the Second World War.dubv/db/They usually dub American movies into Italian.excitingadj/ksat/The last James Bond film was really exciting.extran/ekstr/I was an extra in the recent film about Robin Hood.filmn/flm/Whats your favourite film?film on location/flm n lken/We want to film on location in India.funnyadj/fni/That new comedy with Ricky Gervais is really funny.historical filmn/hstrkl flm/It was a historical film about the American Civil War.horror filmn/hr(r) flm/She was in a horror film about vampires.movien/muvi/They use the word movie, not film, in America.movingadj/muv/That film about the First World War was really moving.musicaln/mjuzkl/We saw the musical Mamma Mia! in London.play the part of/ple pt v/I want to play the part of Juliet in the new film of Romeo and Juliet.plotn/plt/The plot of the film was very complicated.reviewn/rvju/The film got a really bad review in the papers.rom-comn/rm km/ I dont like action films. I prefer watching rom-coms.scaryadj/skeri/I thought that alien film was really scary.scenen/sin/I love the scene where they find each other at the train station.science fiction filmn/sans fkn flm/He loves that science fiction film about aliens coming to earth.scriptn/skrpt/The script was written by an experienced writer.sequeln/sikwl/Will there be a sequel to this film?setv/set/They set the film in the Italian Alps.shoot on location/ut n lken/Theyre going to shoot on location in Mexico. soundtrackn/sandtrk/I love the soundtrack to this film and I want to buy theCD.special effectsnpl/spel fekts/They spent millions on the special effects in this dinosaur film.starn/st(r)/Keira Knightley is the star of the film.studion/stjudi/It was filmed in a studio in Hollywood.subtitlesnpl/sbtatlz/Its a French film so it has English subtitles.thrillern/rl(r)/He starred in a thriller about a political scandal in America.translationn/trnzlen/The translation of the film from English to Russian took three months.violentadj/valnt/Children shouldnt see violent films.war filmn/w(r) flm/We saw a war film set during the Vietnam war.westernn/westn/That actor was in a western recently and he was one of the good guys.THE BODYarmsnpl/mz/He has really strong arms.backn/bk/I hurt my back in a horseriding accident.bitev/bat/Did that dog just bite you?clapv/klp/Clap your hands!earsnpl/z/My dog has really big ears.eyesnpl/az/She has beautiful blue eyes.facen/fes/She has such a pretty face.feetnpl/fit/What size are your feet?fingersnpl/fz/You have lovely long fingers.footn/ft/I broke my foot playing football.hairn/he(r)/I have long brown hair.handsnpl/hndz/Are your hands clean?headn/hed/I had a really big head when I was a baby.kickv/kk/Kick the ball as far as you can.kneesnpl/niz/I get a lot of pain in my knees when I walk.legsnpl/lez/That girl has really long legs.lipsnpl/lps/He has really thin lips.mouthn/ma/Keep your mouth closed when youre eating.neckn/nek/My neck hurts when I work on the computer for toolong.nodv/nd/Nod your head if you want to say yes.nosen/nz/I have a large nose just like my mother.pointv/pnt/Can you point at the person who stole your money?shouldersnpl/ldz/My shoulders hurt from carrying that heavy bag.smellv/smel/I can smell garlic.smilev/smal/Shell smile at you if you smile at her.starev/ste(r)/Dont stare at people its rude.stomachn/stmk/My stomach hurts because I ate too much.tastev/test/Taste this cake its delicious.teethnpl/ti/I brush my teeth twice a day.throwv/r/Throw the ball back to Jason.toesnpl/tz/Can you fit your toes into those pointy shoes?tonguen/t/How far can you stick your tongue out?toothn/tu/I broke a tooth on a hard bread roll.touchv/tt/If you touch the screen it will open the website.whistlev/wsl/I like to whistle a tune while I do the gardening.USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESa different side of yourself/ dfrnt sad v jself/You should show your work colleagues a different side of yourself outside of work.academicadj/kdemk/He works in an academic setting.alleyn/li/In films, New York is full of secret alleys.architectn/ktekt/The building was designed by a famous German architect.aristocraticadj/rstkrtk/She comes from a wealthy aristocratic family.beliefn/blif/I have a strong belief that we should look after our parents when they get old.capacityn/kpsti/I only use social media in a professional capacity.consultantn/knsltnt/I work as a business consultant.dress upv/dres p/I like to dress up when we go out for meals.dyev/da/I want to dye my hair blond.dyedadj/dad/She has dyed red hair.essentialn/senl/Its essential to have a good diet if you want to be fit and healthy.exhibitionn/eksbn/I want to go to the art exhibition in the town centre.functionaladj/fknl/I wear functional clothes, not fashionable clothes.grow upv/r p/I dont really want to grow up so I still live with my parents.homelessadj/hmls/I gave some money to the homeless man at the train station.identifyv/adentfa/I identify more with my work role than with my privatelife.inhabitv/nhbt/What kind of people inhabit this land?institutionn/nsttjun/This is a well-known academic institution.intellectualadj/ntlektul/My aunt is very intellectual she thinks deeply about things.judgev/dd/Its wrong to judge people by their appearance.mainly for business or career purposes/menli f(r) bzns (r) kr(r) ppsz/Do you use social networking sites mainly for business or career purposes?nostalgicadj/nstldk/You are nostalgic for your childhood.nursen/ns/My aunt is a nurse and works in a hospital in London.photographv/ftrf/I would like to photograph this wonderful building.respectableadj/rspektbl/The area is a home for respectable businesses.responsen/rspns/What kind of response did you get to your email?servantn/svnt/My great-grandmother was a servant at Buckingham Palace.settingn/set/The castle was used as a setting for several films.spectacularadj/spektkjl(r)/The building has a spectacular tower.take yourself too seriously/tek jself tu trisli/You take yourself too seriously you should relax abit.transformv/trnsfm/They want to transform this area into a shopping centre.webcamn/webkm/I use a webcam to communicate with my friends in NewZealand.welcomev/welkm/We will welcome you here whenever you want to visit.well-known personn/wel nn psn/Hes a very well-known person hes on the radio.woundedadj/wundd/This was a hospital for wounded soldiers.young and carefree/j nd kefri/When I was a student I was young and carefree.your other half/j(r) (r) hf/Where did you first meet your other half?MORE WORDS IN FILE 6caricaturen/krkt(r)/The artist drew a caricature of me.classn/kls/My parents are from the working class.dominantadj/dmnnt/That lion looks really aggressive and dominant.escapistn/skepst/Im a bit of an escapist because I like to avoid boring things.gangstern/st(r)/My uncle was a gangster in Chicago.go viral/ varl/Do you think this video clip will go viral?ID cardn/adi kd/Do you have to carry an ID card in your country?identifiableadj/adentfabl/Are you easily identifiable from your passport photo?interpretern/ntprt(r)/They used an interpreter in the meeting to translate Russian into English.metropolisn/mtrpls/New York City is a giant metropolis.pen-namen/pen nem/The Bront sisters all used a pen-name to hide the fact that they were women.persistv/psst/Our brains persist in using stereotypes.prehistoricadj/prihstrk/I cant imgine what it was like to live in prehistoric times.rigidadj/rdd/I dont have any rigid plans for the weekend.Scandinavianadj/skndnevin/Have you ever been to a Scandinavian country?socio-economicadj/ssi eknmk/Their socio-ecomomic level was clear from their appearance.tombn/tum/They discovered the tomb of a young pharaoh.underdogn/ndd/I always like to support the underdog in any competition.visual projectionn/vul prdekn/My photos on Facebook are a visual projection of mylife.vitallyadv/vatli/Judging people by their appearance was vitally important in the past.worldlyadj/wldli/She doesnt have much worldly experience.File 7Vocabulary BanksEDUCATIONbehavev/bhev/Lots of children in this class behave badly.boardingadj/bd/My parents sent me away to boarding school when I was 13.bring upv/br p/I want to bring up my children in the countryside, not in the city.cheatv/tit/I havent studied enough so Im going to cheat in my history exam.collegen/kld/I went to art college when I left school.compulsoryadj/kmplsri/Maths is a compulsory subject everyone has to do it.dov/du/What will you do if you dont pass your exams?educatev/eduket/I want to educate my children at home so I wont send them to school.elementaryadj/elmentri/Primary school is called elementary school in America.expelv/kspel/If you cheat in your exams the head teacher will expelyou.failv/fel/Why did you fail your chemistry exam?gradesnpl/redz/I want to study medicine, so I need really good grades in Science and Maths.graduatev/rduet/When did you graduate from university?head teachern/hed tit(r)/Whats the name of the head teacher at your school?high schooln/ha skul/Hes a teacher at a high school in New York City.junior high schooln/duni(r) ha skul/I went to the same junior high school as my neighbour.kindergartenn/kndtn/I went to kindergarten when I was three years old.learnv/ln/I want to learn Russian.middle schooln/mdl skul/I went to middle school between the ages of nine and thirteen.nunn/nn/I went to a Catholic school and my maths teacher was a nun.nurseryn/nsri/Before they go to school, children can go to nursery.passv/ps/I really want to pass my maths exam this semester.priestn/prist/The church priest visits our school once a week to talk to the students.primaryadj/pramri/Children in the UK start primary school when they are four or five.privateadj/pravt/Her parents paid for her to go to a private school.punishv/pn/Many teachers punish students with extra homework.pupilsnpl/pjuplz/How many pupils are there in your school?religiousadj/rlds/I went to a religious school it was Catholic.resultsnpl/rzlts/Students in this school usually get really good exam results.revisev/rvaz/How many hours did you revise for the biology exam?secondaryadj/sekndri/I started secondary school when I was eleven.semestern/smest(r)/The autumn semester starts on the first day of October.stateadj/stet/What are the state schools like in your country?studyv/stdi/What subject will you study at university?termn/tm/A school term usually lasts about twelve weeks.twelfth graden/twelf red/My older sister is in twelfth grade this year.HOUSESbalconyn/blkni/Theres a great view from our balcony.basementn/besmnt/Many houses in Canada have a basement.ceilingn/sil/We painted the ceiling white.chimneyn/tmni/We need to clean the chimney before we light the fire.cityn/sti/I want to live in a big city like Paris or London.cosyadj/kzi/Our living room is small, but its really cosy.countryn/kntri/I live in a small cottage in the country.east coastn/ist kst/I live in Aldeburgh, a small town on the east coast.entrancen/entrns/The entrance to the building is round the back.fireplacen/faples/We have a beautiful Victorian fireplace in our livingroom.gaten/et/We painted the gate to our garden dark green.ground floorn/rand fl(r)/I dont want to live on the ground floor I dont think its safe.lightadj/lat/We have big windows so our living room is really light.made of stone/med v stn/Our house is made of stone.modernadj/mdn/We have an expensive modern kitchen.open firen/pn fa(r)/I love sitting by the open fire in winter time.outskirtsnpl/atskts/I live on the outskirts of Birmingham.pathn/p/A path leads through our garden to the back door of our house.pation/pti/We have chairs, a table, and a barbecue on our patio.roofn/ruf/Ill need a ladder to get that football off the roof.second floorn/seknd fl(r)/We live on the second floor of that apartment block.spaciousadj/spes/Our kitchen is really spacious so we put a dining table in it.stepsnpl/steps/You have to go down three steps to get into our garden.suburbsnpl/sbbz/When we had children we moved from the city centre to the suburbs.terracen/ters/We have a terrace where you can sit outside and sunbathe.top floorn/tp fl(r)/We live on the top floor of that building and we have great views.townn/tan/I was born in a town called Shrewsbury.villagen/vld/I grew up in a village in Wales.walln/wl/There is a wall between our garden and our neighbours garden.wooden floorsnpl/wdn flz/We have wooden floors in our dining room and living room and it looks great.USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESaccomplishedadj/kmplt/Hes an accomplished piano player.adorev/d(r)/I adore flowers, especially roses.bookcasen/bkkes/How many books are in that bookcase?competitionn/kmptn/I won 500 in a competition!composev/kmpz/You can play well but can you compose your own music?co-operatev/kpret/When she was 13, she refused to co-operate with her parents.determinedadj/dtmnd/She was determined that her daughters would be successful.excelv/ksel/Im jealous of Paul I wish I could excel in everything Ido, like him.expectv/kspekt/We expect you to be number one in your class for maths.extraordinaryadj/kstrdnri/The school is really extraordinary because it has such talented students.faultn/flt/My dad drives me mad but it isnt really his fault.forbiddenadj/fbdn/Playing with friends and watching TV was forbidden by her parents.hangv/h/Can you hang this picture of my parents on the wall forme?hugn/h/My mum gave me a hug after the concert.immigrantn/mrnt/Her mother is a Bangladeshi immigrant.independentadj/ndpendnt/Its hard to feel independent when you live with your parents.letv/let/Do your parents let you go out late at night?marksnpl/mks/She got top marks in her piano exam.mixedadj/mkst/Is your school a mixed school with both boys and girls?motivatedadj/mtvetd/My son motivated himself to succeed in music.mysteryn/mstri/Teenagers are a mystery to me I dont understand them.optionaladj/pnl/Music is an optional subject at my school.orchestran/kstr/I play the violin in the school orchestra.outstandingadj/atstnd/They were outstanding pupils who did really well.overlookv/vlk/Does your balcony overlook the river?performv/pfm/Would you like to perform in front of 500 people?plainadj/plen/He used a plain old table in his kitchen.prizen/praz/She won a prize for her singing.propertyn/prpti/The house will become my property when my brotherdies.punishmentn/pnmnt/What kind of punishment will a teacher give you for being late?pushv/p/Be careful not to push your children too hard.remainv/rmen/Do you think this garden will remain beautiful if we move out?resentv/rzent/The girls did not seem to resent their mother.strictadj/strkt/My parents wont let me do anything theyre really strict!tidyadj/tadi/Its not a tidy garden.towern/ta(r)/There is a large tower on the village church.turn the house into/tn has nt/They decided to turn the house into a hotel.unpaintedadj/npentd/Our dining table is unpainted.MORE WORDS IN FILE 7as soon asconj/z sun z/As soon as Rachel gets a job shell move out.choirmastern/kwamst(r)/My uncle is the choirmaster at his local church.controversyn/kntrvsi/It was a book that caused great controversy among itsreaders.cordn/kd/We fixed the picture to the wall with a cord.eco-friendlyadj/ik frendli/We went on an eco-friendly holiday in Greece.geniusn/dinis/Our neighbours daughter is a maths genius.hi-techadj/ha tek/They have a really hi-tech TV.Id get on with them even better if/ad et n w m ivn bet(r) f/Id get on with my parents even better if I didnt live at home.ifconj/f/If I dont get into university Ill have to take the exams again.If I came back very late/f a kem bk veri let/If I came back very late after a night out, I would find my parents still awake and waiting for me.If I could afford it/f a kd fd it/If I could afford it, I wouldnt move out because I like it here.If I had the money/f a d mni/If I had the money, I would move out and rent my own little flat.If I lived on my own/f a lvd n ma n/If I lived on my own, Id have to pay all of the rent myself.If it was my place/f t wz ma ples/If it was my place, Id be happy to do the cleaning, but its not.lily of the valleyn/lli v vli/My favourite scent is lily of the valley.missionn/mn/Our mission is to make this school more successful.parentingn/pernt/There is no correct way of parenting, you have to find what works for you.prestigiousadj/prestds/Hes the leader of a prestigious choir group.prodigyn/prddi/They think our son is some kind of prodigy.pushyadj/pi/A lot of pushy parents put pressure on their kids to get good results.rapn/rp/Have you ever been to a rap concert?relativityn/reltvti/Who developed the theory of relativity?single-sexadj/sl seks/This is a single-sex school there are only boys here.take upv/tek p/Id like to take up Spanish so that I can go to Argentina for a holiday.unlessconj/nles/They wont give me a place at the university unless I get three As in my exams.untilconj/ntl/I dont want to plan any celebrations until I know theresults.whenconj/wen/Ill call you when I get the card.File 8Vocabulary BanksWORD BUILDINGachievev/tiv/What would you like to achieve during your gap year?agreev/ri/Do you agree with me?arguev/ju/How often do you argue with your parents?attachv/tt/Did you attach the report to your email?choosev/tuz/Which subject are you going to choose to study at university?compensatev/kmpenset/Did they compensate you for the accident?complainv/kmplen/I would like to complain to the hotel manager.deliverv/dlv(r)/When will they deliver our new sofa?demonstratev/demnstret/I would like to demonstrate how to use this new coffeemachine.explainv/ksplen/Can you explain this mathematical formula to me?losev/luz/Try not to lose your mobile phone!payv/pe/I have to pay for the meal now.respondv/rspnd/I need to respond to this email before I leave.sellv/sel/I would like to sell my old car.succeedv/sksid/It takes a lot of hard work to succeed in this businesssWORKapplicationn/plken/Have you looked at John Jacksons application for the new job?apply forv/pla f(r)/Did you apply for that teaching job?be fired/bi fad/I think Jodie is going to be fired tomorrow.farmern/fm(r)/My grandfather was a pig farmer.full-timeadj/fl tam/Is your job full-time or part-time?lawyern/lj(r)/I want to be a lawyer when I grow up.musiciann/mjuzn/Peter is an excellent musician and plays the trumpet in a world-famous orchestra.overtimen/vtam/How much overtime do you do every month?part-timeadj/pt tam/I want to find a part-time job when I go to university.permanentadj/pmnnt/I wish I could get a permanent job.pharmacistn/fmsst/I would like to be a pharmacist so I have to study pharmacy at university.promotev/prmt/I hope they promote me soon.promotionn/prmn/Congratulations on your promotion, Dave!qualificationsnpl/kwlfkenz/What kind of qualifications do you have?redundantadj/rdndnt/They made 20 people redundant last month.resignv/rzan/If they dont promote me then I will resign.resignationn/reznen/Have you read Lynnes letter of resignation?retirev/rta(r)/I will be 70 when I retire.sackv/sk/If you are caught stealing they will sack you.scientistn/santst/My aunt is a scientist and she works for a pharmaceutical company.self-employedadj/self mpld/I would love to be self-employed and just work for myself.set upv/set p/I want to set up my own company.temporaryadj/temprri/This is a temporary job which lasts for three months.training coursen/tren ks/Have you done that training course on time management?translatorn/trnzlet(r)/She speaks French and Italian so she works as a translator.unemployedadj/nmpld/How long have you been unemployed?well-qualifiedadj/wel kwlfad/My brother is really well-qualified but he still cant get a job.USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESanalyticaladj/nltkl/Do you have an analytical mind?bearv/be(r)/I just cant bear bad service.chemistn/kemst/I picked up the medicine at the chemist.compensatev/kmpenset/We will compensate everyone who has bought a ticket if the show is cancelled.complimentaryadj/kmplmentri/They offered us complimentary drinks because the food was latecrazyadj/krezi/Justin is really strange I think hes actually a bit crazy!demonstratev/demnstret/Can you please demonstrate this app for me?enthusiasticadj/njuzistk/Maria is really enthusiastic about her new job.entrepreneurn/ntrprn(r)/Our daughter has created her own product and is a promising young entrepreneur.express oneself/kspres wnself/It is difficult to express oneself sometimes.faultyadj/flti/This kettle is faulty so I will take it back to the shop.flatteryn/fltri/Lots of people use flattery to get what they want.get a jobv/et db/Ive got no money so I really need to get a job.hesitatev/heztet/Tell them that you will not hesitate to change banks if they dont improve their service..humorousadj/hjumrs/He complained in a humorous way about the terrible service.impressiveadj/mpresv/His experience is really impressive so I think we should give him the job.inspectv/nspekt/The authorities wanted to inspect the cleanliness of the restaurant.instinctn/nstkt/I have a good instinct about who to trust.investv/nvest/Are you prepared to invest money in my business?lose your temper/luz j(r) temp(r)/I lose my temper really easily.make it clear/mek t kl(r)/Make it clear you might change to another mobile phone company.marketingn/mkt/Gareth works in marketing.mental noten/mentl nt/Make a mental note of the circumstances and write a letter later.personallyadv/psnli/BA invited them personally to inspect the airlines catering facilities.pharmacyn/fmsi/Can you get some aspirin at the pharmacy for me?productn/prdkt/Can I ask you a few questions about your product?profitableadj/prftbl/Is your company profitable?profitsnpl/prfts/I shared the profits from the business with my wife.properlyadv/prpli/He loves complaining properly and in writing.rejectv/rdekt/I hope the bank wont reject my application for a loan.salesn/selz/I bought this jumper in the sales and it was reduced by50 per cent!seasonn/sizn/The new clothes range for the autumn season has just arrived.sensen/sens/He has a good spatial sense so he became an architect.sharen/e(r)/Investors usually take a share of the profits.specificadj/spsfk/Dont be too specific when you make a complaint.spoilv/spl/Dont spoil your meal by getting into an argument with the waiter.swearv/swe(r)/Never shout and swear it achieves nothing.threatenv/retn/You should threaten to tell the newspapers about the bad service.waste of time/west v tam/Screaming and shouting is a complete waste of time.MORE WORDS IN FILE 8admirableadj/dmrbl/The way he is coping with the death of his grandfather is admirable.bargainn/bn/I got a real bargain in town this dress only cost 10!calculatev/klkjulet/I am able to calculate space and distance.calculationn/klkjulen/Im good at maths. I find complex calculations easy.caringadj/ker/I want to work in a caring profession like nursing.carriagen/krd/Where is the first class carriage on this train?cateringn/ketr/I would like to run a catering company.certainadj/stn/Im not certain if I will come to the party tonight.charismaticadj/krzmtk/People want to work with Dan because hes so charismatic.chief executiven/tif zekjtv/I wrote a letter of complaint to the chief executive of the company.complexadj/kmpleks/Im good at maths. I find complex calculations easy.convincedadj/knvnst/If they are not convinced by the presentation, they wont invest their money.countlessadj/kantls/Ive had countless free meals because I complain all thetime.couriern/kri(r)/Use a courier service to send this package because it will be faster.creativeadj/krietv/His stories are really creative. He has got a great imagination.denn/den/The children made a den in the woods where they hid.doing very well/du veri wel/Helen is doing very well in her new job.dreadedadj/dredd/After the presentation, theres the dreaded interview stage.eccentricadj/ksentrk/Our neighbour is an eccentric old man who rarely leaves his house.empty-handedadj/empti hndd/We had to leave the bank empty-handed because they wouldnt lend us the money.fairadj/fe(r)/Is it fair to give money to Katie but not to her sister?finance directorn/fanns drekt(r)/Anthony is the finance director for a publishing company.fumesnpl/fjumz/Horrible fumes are coming out of that old bus.functionn/fkn/One function of the product is to open bottles.graphic designn/rfk dzan/He used his Art degree to get a job in graphic design.hopelessadj/hpls/British people are usually hopeless at complaining.imaginev/mdn/I cant imagine living anywhere else but here.improvisev/mprvaz/I dont like to improvise I prefer to read from a script.initiativen/ntv/I think we should hire her she shows a lot of initiative.lobbyn/lbi/Ill meet you in the main lobby of the hotel.look for a job/lk f(r) db/When you finish your exams you should look for a job straightaway.loyaladj/ll/Our shop has hundreds of loyal customers who come here regularly.make it/mek t/Do you think Philips company will make it out of the recession?marketing directorn/mkt drekt(r)/Who is the marketing director at this company?mouldyadj/mldi/They served mouldy strawberries on the aeroplane.move onv/muv n/Selling my wedding dress helped me move on from my marriage breakdown.obsessiveadj/bsesv/My younger sister is really obsessive about the boy band One Direction.outletn/atlet/She works in a designer clothing outlet store.practicalityn/prktklti/The practicality of the product convinced them to invest money in it.principlen/prnspl/I find it easy to understand theoretical principles.product designern/prdkt dzan(r)/Shes a product designer and she designed a new kind of bottle and can opener.puddlen/pdl/I stepped in a puddle of water and now my feet are wet.replican/replk/Hes making a new table that is a replica of Windsor Castle.rightsnpl/rats/Its important to know your rights when you complain.scratchv/skrt/Try not to scratch my mobile phone screen.send in a CV/send n si vi/You should send in a CV to that marketing company.slogann/sln/Do you have an advertising slogan for your product?spatialadj/spel/You also have good spatial awareness youd make a good architect.standardsnpl/stnddz/I can only imagine this is an unusual departure from your usual high standards.stock marketn/stk mkt/I want to work on the stock market so Im going to study finance.successfuladj/bi sksesfl/He owns a really successful clothing company.theoreticaladj/retkl/I find it easy to understand theoretical principles.typev/tap/How fast can you type?veiln/vel/Did you wear a veil on your wedding day?worthlessadj/wls/Ryans idea for a new product was dismissed as worthless.File 9Vocabulary BanksWORD BUILDINGcaren/ke(r)/You need to take care of your teeth or you will have problems.carefuladj/kefl/That drink is hot. Please be careful not to drop it.carefullyadv/kefli/Please drive carefully. I dont want you to have an accident.carelessadj/kels/He is a careless driver. He will cause an accident.carelesslyadv/kelsli/He carelessly threw away an important document.comfortn/kmft/I bought this sofa for comfort, not style.comfortableadj/kmftbl/The room wasnt great but the bed was really comfortable.uncomfortableadj/nkmftbl/This chair is incredibly uncomfortable. I need to buy a new one.comfortablyadv/kmftbli/Is everyone sitting comfortably?uncomfortablyadv/nkmftbli/The train was uncomfortably hot.fortunen/ftun/He couldnt believe his good fortune when he found 20dollars.fortunateadj/ftnt/He didnt look when he crossed the road and was fortunate not to have an accident.unfortunateadj/nftnt/Its unfortunate you couldnt be there. It was a great party.fortunatelyadv/ftntli/The rain was really heavy, but fortunately we had ourumbrellas.unfortunatelyadv/nftntli/The parks were beautiful, but unfortunately it rained almost every day.patiencen/pens/You need a lot of patience to work with children.patientadj/pent/He is really patient and will take his time to explain things.impatientadj/mpent/She is so impatient. She wont wait for more than fiveminutes.patientlyadv/pentli/Please wait patiently. We will be boarding the plane in one hour.impatientlyadv/mpentli/He kept impatiently pressing the bell to get someones attention.luckn/lk/Are luck and practice just as important as talent?luckyadj/lki/He was lucky enough to win the completion.unluckyadj/nlki/Do you know anyone who is particularly lucky or unlucky?luckilyadv/lkli/Luckily he caught an earlier bus or he might have missed his flight.unluckilyadv/nlkli/Unluckily for her, she missed her flight.USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESadaptorn/dpt(r)/You need an adaptor when you go abroad.alarmn/lm/I programmed the alarm on my phone to wake me up.bloggern/bl(r)/This blogger has some really controversial views.co-ordinatedadj/kdnetd/Im bad at sports because Im not very co-ordinated.desperateadj/desprt/It was very late and I was desperate to get home.devicen/dvas/I love my new smartphone its a very useful device.disconnectv/dsknekt/Disconnect your MP3 player from the computer.electronic devicen/lektrnk dvas/You cannot use an electronic device on this plane.headphonesnpl/hedfnz/Do you normally listen to music with headphones or with speakers?hitsnpl/hts/My blog had 531 hits in the first week.inspectorn/nspekt(r)/The inspector asked to see our train tickets.installv/nstl/You need to install an update before using this program.intelligentadj/nteldnt/Shes very intelligent. She always does well at school.keyboardn/kibd/Do you prefer to use a keyboard with or without a mouse?memory stickn/memri stk/My memory stick is so important now I save all my work on it.mistaken/mstek/Its just a small mistake dont worry so much.mousen/mas/I bought a new wireless mouse for my computer.off buttonn/f btn/I pressed the off button on the TV.on buttonn/nbtn/I pressed the on button on my laptop.ownern/n(r)/I live in this house but Im not the owner.petroln/petrl/The car suddenly stopped. We had run out of petrol.phone chargern/fn td(r)/I put my phone charger into a socket.plugn/pl/How many pins do plugs in your country have?plugv/pl/Plug your computer into the socket.relevantadj/relvnt/Much of the information is not relevant or useful.remote controln/rmt kntrl/Wheres the remote control for the TV?rescuev/reskju/We were lucky someone came to rescue us.screenn/skrin/My mobile has a large screen and I can watch videos.setv/set/I set my alarm clock for 7.30 a.m.socketn/skt/I plugged my phone charger into a socket.solutionn/slun/One solution to our lack of space would be to move house.speakern/spik(r)/Do you normally listen to music with headphones or with speakers?strangern/strend(r)/Dont speak to that stranger. It might be dangerous.surveyn/sve/A recent survey had some disappointing findings.switchn/swt/I cant find the switch to turn it on.switch offv/swt f/Switch off your mobile phone, please.turn downv/tn dan/Could you turn down the volume? Its too loud.turn upv/tn p/Can you turn up the volume? I cant hear it.unplugv/npl/I always unplug my computer when I turn it off.upsetadj/pset/Im a bit upset and I dont feel like talking.USB cablen/ju es bi kebl/Ill need a USB cable to transfer the pictures to my computer.volumen/vljum/I made the volume on the TV louder.MORE WORDS IN FILE 9angeln/endl/Shes such an angel, always looking after other people.bootn/but/If the car boot is full, put that bag on the back seat.common sensen/kmn sens/Not everything needs to be learnt. Some things are just common sense.eliteadj/lit/We watched the training practice of some elite ice hockey players.hitchhikev/hthak/I tried to hitchhike once, but I was unsuccessful.information overloadn/nfmen vld/She always sends too many emails its an information overload.interruptionn/ntrpn/I need to focus without any interruptions.irritationn/rten/Information overload is a modern irritation for many people.motorbiken/mtbak/I wanted to ride my motorbike, but couldnt find my helmet.nativeadj/netv/I live in London but Im a native New Yorker.obscureadj/bskj(r)/The internet has made it easier to find obscure information.phone boxn/fn bks/We dont have a phone box here any more everyone has a mobile.presetadj/priset/This app disconnects you from the web at preset times.productiveadj/prdktv/Ive had lots of time, but I havent been very productive.rentv/rent/I rent an $800-a-month apartment.severaldet/sevrl/They paid for my bus ticket, and took me to several places.shiverv/v(r)/The cold wind outside made me shiver.stroke of luck/strk v lk/Remember that sometimes not getting what you want is a wonderful stroke of luck.tankn/tk/He walked up to my motorbike, opened the tank, and poured the petrol in.technologicaladj/teknldkl/Can you help me? Im not very good with technological problems.toughadj/tf/Weve been through some tough times, but its betternow.tutorn/tjut(r)/When I was at school, I had a great maths tutor.vitaladj/vatl/The extra practice is vital if we want to win.willpowern/wlpa(r)/It takes a lot of willpower to give up smoking.File 10USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASESaccusedadj/kjuzd/The dock is where an accused person sits or stands incourt.admirev/dma(r)/I really admire Japanese design. Its my favourite.adoptv/dpt/Weve decided to adopt a child.alibin/lba/He had an alibi to prove where he was.casen/kes/Not every criminal case can be solved.commitv/kmt/Why do people commit crimes?courtn/kt/The man was sentenced in court to life in prison.defencen/dfens/He had no defence for his terrible actions.deliberatelyadv/dlbrtli/Murder is the crime of killing a person deliberately.detectiven/dtektv/He was a detective in the London police force.expressionn/kspren/She was the ideal witness with her expression of honesty and kindness.guiltyadj/lti/She was found guilty of committing a crime.iconn/akn/Ronaldo is a football icon.idealadj/adil/She was the ideal person for the job.identityn/adentti/No one is sure of the identity of the murderer.importancen/mptns/There was no malice in her, and no sense of importance.intendv/ntend/They intend to call four witnesses during the trial.investigationn/nvesten/They spent a considerable amount of time and money on the investigation.launchv/lnt/He decided to launch Facebook from his room in 2004.mistakenadj/mstekn/I was mistaken for a waitress in the restaurant.murderv/md(r)/To murder somebody is a terrible thing.murdern/md(r)/They had no idea who was responsible for the murder.murderern/mdr(r)/Weeks passed, but the murderer still wasnt caught.originaladj/rdnl/Stephen Wozniak designed the original Apple I and Apple II computers.prisonern/przn(r)/The prisoner had to spend 25 years in jail for murder.prosecutionn/prskjun/The prosecution intended to call four witnesses.provev/pruv/They couldnt prove that he committed the murder.remarkableadj/rmkbl/You must have remarkable eyes if you can see that far!room-maten/rummet/Dustin Moskovitz was Mark Zuckerbergs room-mate at university.sensationn/sensen/She became a worldwide singing sensation.shut downv/t dan/It was shut down by the university, but it inspired him to create Facebook.solvev/slv/How did she try to solve the mystery?suspectn/sspekt/The police questioned the suspect about the murder.swearv/swe(r)/I swear to tell the truth.transferv/trnsf(r)/Ill need a USB cable to transfer the pictures to my computer.trialn/tral/It was the strangest murder trial I have ever attended.unsolvedadj/nslvd/One of the great unsolved murder mysteries of all time is that of Jack the Ripper.victimn/vktm/She saw Adams on the steps of the victims house.witnessn/wtns/He was a witness to the crime.MORE WORDS IN FILE 10abolishv/bl/In England, the death penalty was abolished in 1965.acquitv/kwt/The judge acquitted him and he was set free.album covern/lbm kv(r)/You can scroll through the album covers on your computer.biologicaladj/baldkl/Steve Jobs found his biological mother in the 1980s.bloodshotadj/bldt/You look really tired and your eyes are bloodshot.brutaladj/brutl/It was one of the most brutal murders of the 21st century.computer programmern/kmpjut prrm(r)/Mark Zuckerberg, the American computer programmer and inventor of Facebook, was born in 1984.considerableadj/knsdrbl/They spent a considerable amount of time and money on the investigation.cross-examinev/krs zmn/The lawyer for the defence began to cross-examine Mrs Salmon.dazedadj/dezd/He was walking in the middle of the road, looking dazed.death penaltyn/de penlti/In England, the death penalty was abolished in 1965.depend onv/dpend n/A mans life may depend on your evidence.dockn/dk/The defendant stood in the dock, waiting to hear the judges decision.eyesightn/asat/The optician tested my eyesight yesterday I need newglasses!foggyadj/fi/In 1888, a brutal murderer walked the dark, foggy streets of London.foundern/fand(r)/Mark Zuckerberg was one of the founders of Facebook.honestyn/nsti/Her honesty meant that many people trusted her.iconicadj/aknk/Tower Bridge is an iconic building in London.kindnessn/kandns/He always thinks of other people. Kindness is his greatstrength.lamplightn/lmplat/The lamplight made everything on the street clear.landmarkn/lndmk/Tower Bridge is a famous London landmark.malicen/mls/There was no malice in her. She didnt want to hurtanyone.merchantn/mtnt/Merchants played a big part in making the city of Venice a success.monochromeadj/mnkrm/It had a 23-inch monochrome screen.moonlightn/munlat/The moonlight made it a very clear evening.noveln/nvl/Do you enjoy reading crime novels?panicn/pnk/Please stay calm and do not cause a panic.pleadv/plid/I understand he intends to plead not guilty. powerlessadj/pals/The police seemed powerless to stop the murders.recentadj/risnt/There has been another recent theory about how ithappened.samplen/smpl/Cornwell analysed a DNA sample to prove who Jack the Ripper really was.silhouetten/sluet/It incorporated Jobs silhouette with the white Applelogo.siliconn/slkn/Silicon is used to manufacture electronic parts.slightadj/slat/Her accent isnt very strong. Its a slight accent.spectaclesnpl/spektklz/I have never had to wear spectacles. My eyesight isperfect.terrorizev/terraz/He terrorized the inhabitants of the city.tributen/trbjut/This logo was designed as a tribute to Steve Jobs.Tube mapn/tjub mp/A Tube map isnt an accurate street map of London.well-builtadj/wel blt/Have you seen how big he is? Hes really well-built.