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Bell RingerWith the person next to you, in the next 3 minutes…
SHAREAND
EXPLAIN
your chart homework.
Objectives1) Describe the presidential transition from Johnson to Grant
2) Identify and Outline several pieces of Reconstruction Legislation
3) Detail Reconstruction change and the resistance to that change
4) Define Poll Taxes and Literacy Tests
5) Identify Jim Crow Laws and their impact
6) Discuss the official ending to Reconstruction
Johnson’s Impeachment TrialJohnson attempted to veto the Reconstruction Act, but his veto was overridden by the
majority in Congress. Congress (specifically the H of R) attempted to impeach Johnson for failing to carry out his duties as President. The impeachment failed.
But…In the next Presidential election in 1868, Ulysses S. Grant won easily.
Grant’s Presidency
Ulysses S. Grant won the election in 1868 and was re-elected in 1872, however, his presidency was full of scandals and
corruption.
Major Reconstruction LegislationLegislation Provisions
Freedmen’s Bureau Act
(1865-1866)Offered medical aid and education to freed slaves and war refugees
Civil Rights Act of 1866 Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all black
14th Amendment(ratified 1868)
Makes all people born in the US or naturalized are full citizens; said any state that refused to let all men vote would forfeit their seats in Congress; forbade Confederate politicians from
holding future office
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Abolished all governments set up under the Confederacy; divided Confederate states into 5 military zones; set up readmission (constitution with slave rights listed & ratify 14th)
15th Amendment(ratified 1870)
No one can be denied the right to vote based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
Enforcement Act of 1870
Protected voting rights of African-Americans and gave the federal government the power to enforce the 15th amendment
Bell RingerWith the person next to you, go through each of the following pieces of Legislation from Reconstruction:• Freedmen’s Bureau Act 1865-1866• Civil Rights Act of 1866• 14th Amendment• Reconstruction Act of 1867• 15th Amendment• Enforcement Act of 1870
You have3 Mins!
Reconstruction ChangePolitical
This era in American history was dominated by the Republican Party (the anti-slavery party)• Scalawags = southerners
that joined the Republican Party
• Carpetbaggers – northerners that moved south
15th Amendment Blacks went to the polls to vote
in record numbers Hiram Revels becomes the first
black Senator Conflicting goals inside the
Republican Party will cause disunity within the party
Former Slaves Freed slaves left the plantations Tried to find family members
they have been separated from Seek education/schools and
literacy rates increase drastically Built black communities Began attaining positions of
power (slowly)
Economical The plantation system fell apart
• Wide spread labor shortages in the south
SHARECROPPING SYSTEM• Landowners divided their
land and gave it to the workers
• They were given land, seeds, and tools to work the land
• At harvest time, these sharecroppers had to give part of the harvest to the landowner (generally half)
• As these workers saved money, they could lower the “payment”
Cotton No Longer King During the war, demand for
southern cotton fell because Europe increased their production
To help, cotton farmers increased production hoping to increase demand…..that doesn’t work
Reconstruction in the SouthOpen opposition to Reconstruction policies helped bring it to an end. Many whites took direct (and open)
action to ensure that blacks would/could not exercise any of their new freedoms/powers.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)- Organization
formed of whites to use violence to intimidate blacks
- Goal was to restore white supremacy
- Wanted to force all Republicans out of positions of power
VIOLENCEIn the 10 years after the war, thousands of black
men, women, and children were killed.
Churches, schools, property are all destroyed.
EconomicsOpposition groups
attacked blacks who worked in jobs other than
farming.Some southerners refused to do business with blacks.
Reconstruction in the South
Amnesty Act (1872)
Returned the right to vote and the right to hold
office to former Confederates
Enforcement Acts (1870-1871)
Congress attempted to stop the violence. They
had little success, so they used the Army…
which was an action that was found
“unconstitutional” by the Supreme Court.
Black Challenges in the SouthSecret Societies
- Example: KKK- Primary weapon = intimidation- Army used against these types of
organizations- As white power grew, the need for these
societies decreased
Poll Taxes- Southern states imposed a tax on
every person that wanted to vote- Don’t pay the tax….you don’t vote!
Literacy Tests- Required voters to read and write- Freedmen’s Bureau Act expired and so
did funding (left blacks with no access to $ for education)
- States would require blacks to attend separate schools
Poll Taxes- Many poor whites could not afford the
poll tax and were illiterate- Clauses said if their father/grandfather
was eligible to vote in 1866, so could they
Jim Crow LawsBecame firmly established in
southern states after Reconstruction
Required the separation of blacks and white in schools,
parks, public buildings, and public
transit
Declared legal by supreme court in
Plessy VS Ferguson decision
Battle against by the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP)
Jim Crow Laws: Court Cases
CIVIL RIGHTS CASES (1883)
Ruled that slavery was abolished but that discrimination by individuals was not prohibited by the Constitution
PLESSY VS FERGUSONEstablished
segregation to be legal as long as
“equal but separate” facilities were available to
blacks
Bell Ringer1) For the following things, identify the target group and the purpose for:• Poll Taxes• Literacy Tests• Grandfather Clause
2) Also, identify what the Jim Crow Laws did!
The Election of 1876Democrats nominated Samuel Tilden. Republicans nominated Rutherford B.
Hayes.Scandal had dominated the Republican Party (it was divided) but the
Democratic Party was alive and strong in the south
Tilden won the popular vote, but the electoral college vote was contested. Four states has disputed returns….so which votes would count?
A commission was formed to determine the outcome. The Electoral Commission was dominated by Republicans. All questionable votes were
given to Hayes. Democrats agreed to the commissions decision in return for the Compromise of 1877.
Compromise of 1877In order for the southern states to accept the commission’s decision in the
election of 1876, Hayes HAD to agree to…
1) Withdraw all troops that remains in the south
2) Name a southerner to his cabinet
3) Support federal funding on internal improvements in the south
The Compromise of 1877 marks the end of the Reconstruction Era
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