WINDS Responsible for triggering the initial movement of air

WINDSWINDS

Responsible for triggering the initial movement of air.

CORIOLIS EFFECT

SHIFT IN WIND

DIRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S

ROTATION

What happens if pressure is the same?

No wind!

Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences

Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences

Local Winds

Land breeze

Sea breeze

LOCAL WINDS

SEA BREEZE

LAND BREEZE

Uneven heating of land vs water

Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating

pressure differences

Local Winds

Land breeze

Sea breeze

Seasonal Winds- over bigger region

(ex-SE Asia)

monsoon

MONSOONS

Similar to land and sea breeze bit occur over a wider area

SEASONAL WINDS

Philippines

Northeast Monsoon (cold and wet)

Southwest Monsoon (dry)

Global/Planetary Winds

Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating

pressure differences

Local Winds

Land breeze

Sea breeze

Seasonal Winds- over bigger region

(ex-SE Asia)

monsoon

GLOBAL WINDS UNEQUAL HEATING equater vs. poles

results in

GLOBAL PATTERN OF AIR

CIRCULATION

http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/global_winds/index.html

Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences

Local Winds

Land breeze

Sea breeze

Seasonal Winds- over bigger region

(ex-SE Asia)

monsoon

Global/Planetary Winds

Prevailing Westerlies

Polar Easterlies

Trade Winds

Jet Stream

Up In Atmosphere

On Surface

TRADE WINDSON SURFACE:

AIR MOVING BACK TO THE

EQUATOR FORMING A

BELT OF WARM,

STEADY WINDS

PREVAILING WESTERLIES

ON SURFACE

40-60 degrees Latitude (West to East)

Strong Winds

POLAR EASTERLIES

ON SURFACE

COLD BUT WEAK WINDS

EAST TO WEST

JET STREAMS

IN ATMOSPHERE

(ABOVE 12 KMS)

180-350 Km/Hr

(speed)

“rivers of air"

Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences

Local Winds

Land breeze

Sea breeze

Seasonal Winds- over

bigger region (ex-SE Asia)

monsoon

Global/Planetary Winds

Prevailing Westerlies

Polar Easterlies

Trade Winds

Jet Stream

NO Winds

DoldrumsHorse

Latitudes

On Surface

Up In Atmosphere

DOLDRUMSON

SURFACE

CALM/ NO WINDS AT EQUATOR (0 degrees

latitude)

HORSE LATITUDES

ON SURFACE

30 degrees North and South of Equator

Warm air cools and sink; clear skies; winds are calm

http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/global_winds/index.html

CORIOLIS EFFECT

SHIFT IN WIND

DIRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S

ROTATION

As air moves from high to low pressure: in north, air deflected right/counterclockwise

in the south, air is deflected left/clockwise

hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE

in NORTH

Flushing Toilets on the Equator

Myth or Real:

Toilets flushed in the northern hemisphere apparently spin to the right, in the southern hemisphere the water spins left -- this is supposedly caused by the Coriolis effect. And on the equator? It's a straight shot down.

myth

BREAK TIME

• One big/important idea or fact

• Stand up

• Share with 3 people

So how do we get differences in pressure?

All factors makingLow density & low pressure

1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.

REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE

DIFFERENCES IN DENSITY

DIFFERENCE IN AIR PRESSURE

EX) HOT temp (LESS dense)=>LOW P

COLD temp (MORE dense)=>HIGH P

UNEQUAL HEATING OF AIR

TEMPERATURE AND AIR PRESSURE

HEAT

Air molecules move faster and expand

less dense

LESS AIR PRESSURE Air RISES

All factors makingLow density low pressure

1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.

2) humidity: Moist air is less dense than dry air.

REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE

More water vapor means less air

moleculesLOW AIR

PRESSUREDRY AIR more dense = HIGH AIR

PRESSURE

Less dense =

All factors makingLow density low pressure

1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air.

2) humidity: Moist airis less dense than dry air.

3) elevation: Air at high altitudes (mountains) is less dense than air at lower altitudes.

REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE

Air at high altitudes is

more spread out = less dense than air at lower altitudes.

Measuring Air Pressure

Air Pressure is measured by an instrument called Barometer

2 Main Types of Barometer

Mercury BarometerAneroid (spring)

Air pressure increases, column of mercury rises

Air pressure decreases, column of mercury drops

Video (minute 2): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gGBMCqBoSE&feature=related

VIDEO: Why use mercury?

Break time

• Think of one fact you learned from the video or what you found interesting

• Stand up

• Form groups based on the same idea

CLOUDS

TYPES OF CLOUDS

CLOUD FORMATION1) WATER VAPOR (gas) rising (need heat to cause evaporation)

2) CONDENSATION NUCLEI (smoke, dust, pollution)

3)LOW TEMPERATURE for condensation (liquid) to occur

MOISTURE CONDENSES ON

SMALL PARTICLES OF

DUST/ SOLIDS IN THE AIR

CONDENSATIONWATER VAPOR

CHANGES

INTO LIQUID (need cold temp)

DEW POINTTEMPERATURE AT WHICH water vapor CONDENSES

Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm

Air Pressure & Weather

TEMPERATURE AND AIR PRESSURE

HEAT

Air molecules move faster and expand

less dense

LESS AIR PRESSURE Air RISES

What happens when air rises?

Low pressure generally means cloudy, rainy weather

Warm air rises, clouds form

High pressure generally means fair weather

Layer of Air

Warm, moist air cannot rise

=No clouds

Weather map

Low pressure system: Increased cloudiness, winds, higher temperatures, and chance of precipitation.

High Pressure System: Indicates clear, calm conditions with reduced chance of precipitation. DRY and COLDER air

Frost Formation

• Cold temperature causes water vapor (gas) to instantly freeze (solid)

• Skips liquid phase (never wet)

• Salt helped to make colder

Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm

When condensed water gathers into drops that are heavy enough, precipitation occurs

Cloud droplets

Snow

Ice

PRECIPITATION

Hurricanes/Typhoons/Cyclones &

Tornadoes

Hurricanes/typhoons/cyclones-what’s in a name?

http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/

LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION

HOW?

hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE

in NORTH

H

H

H

H

http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/04/28/severe.weather/index.html?hpt=T2http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/04/27/tornado.outbreak/index.html?hpt=T1Experts: Severe weather across South could set tornado record

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/04/28/us/map-of-the-tornadoes-across-the-south.html

Including yesterday's storm, there have been a whopping 800 reports of tornadoes in April, easily surpassing April 2003's all-time record of 543 twisters.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/20110428/ts_yblog_thelookout/watch-tuscaloosas-terrifying-tornado

Yahoo video clips

TornadoesSong:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=iOw6ONcKk4g